A note on a selective agar medium for the enumeration of Flavobacterium species in water
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Abstract:
A selective nutrient agar medium containing kanamycin at 50 μg/ml was developed for the isolation and enumeration of yellow‐pigmented colonies from the River Sowe, Coventry. Such organisms were shown to be members of the heterogeneous genus Flavobacterium . Typically, yellow pigmented colonies constituted less than 10% of the colonies on nutrient agar alone but up to 70% on nutrient agar plus kanamycin. This medium is a useful addition to the range of media available for the isolation and further ecological study of particular species of this important group of micro‐organisms.Keywords:
Enumeration
Nutrient agar
Isolation
Kanamycin
Objective:To explore a simple and practical detection method by comparing the microbiological test results in air in the hospital.Methods:One culture medium with ordinary nutrient agar plate and the other with blood agar plate were used to detect the microorganisms in the air in the hospital,and the results were used to be a comparative analysis.Results:By using the culture medium with ordinary nutrient agar plate,the overall overproof rate of total amount of bacteria was 15.32%,and Staphylcoccus aureus and Hemolysis streptococcus were not found.By using blood agar plate,the overproof rate was 13.25%,and three strains of Staphylcoccus aureus and one strain of Hemolysis streptococcus were found.The overproof of amount of bacteria between the two culture mediums have no statistical significance(χ2=0.68,P0.05),while the ones of pathogenic bacteria have statistical significance(χ2=4.02,P0.05).The inspection of pathogenic bacteria of the latter culture medium was better than the former.There was no statistical significant diffence in the average number of the bacteria(from 0~1 cfu/plate to 7 cfu/plate) on the both culture mediums(P0.05).Conclusion:The way of using the culture medium with blood agar to detect the microorganisms in the air in in the hospital is better than ordinary nutrient agar plate,especially for detecting the pathogenic bacteria.
Nutrient agar
Pathogenic bacteria
Blood Culture
Microbiological culture
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Shafer1first reported that if human vitreous is infected with organisms and stored at 4 C it tends to become sterile. We2confirmed this observation with use of several pathogenic organisms. Shafer3,4then showed that there was a diffusible antibacterial substance in human vitreous which will produce a zone of inhibited growth around pools of vitreous on blood agar plates growing Staphylococcus pyogenes var. aureus, Koch-Weeks bacillus, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This communication confirms Shafer's findings and shows that the diffusible substance could be lyzozyme, since it appears to be active against Micrococcus lysodeikticus.
Experiment
Nutrient agar culture plates were prepared. Ditches were cut out and filled with equal parts of pooled human vitreous and double-strength agar. Thin layers of melted single-strength agar were floated across the top of the ditch plate. Streak cultures of the following organisms were made across the ditch in the followingNutrient agar
Ditch
Proteus vulgaris
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Enumeration
Nutrient agar
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Enumeration
Nutrient agar
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A selective nutrient agar medium containing kanamycin at 50 μg/ml was developed for the isolation and enumeration of yellow‐pigmented colonies from the River Sowe, Coventry. Such organisms were shown to be members of the heterogeneous genus Flavobacterium . Typically, yellow pigmented colonies constituted less than 10% of the colonies on nutrient agar alone but up to 70% on nutrient agar plus kanamycin. This medium is a useful addition to the range of media available for the isolation and further ecological study of particular species of this important group of micro‐organisms.
Enumeration
Nutrient agar
Isolation
Kanamycin
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A strain of Trypanosoma avium isolated from Corvus frugilegus in England was readily cultivated in vitro in diphasic blood agar, or blood nutrient agar, media at 28 °C. In both media, small trypanosomes appeared which morphologically resembled the metacyclic forms from the insect vector and which were infective to canaries. They were more numerous, and developed more regularly, in the medium with the nutrient agar base. At 40–41 °C a few of these small trypanosomes apparently developed into large trypanosomes similar to, but not identical with, those seen in the blood of infected birds.
Nutrient agar
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Aims: To isolate bacterial species with good potentials for biosurfactant production and to determine the tenso-active characteristics of the active producers.
Study Design: Study on biosurfactant-production potential of bacteria in shake flask. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, between October 2013 and June 2014.
Methodology: Soils, polluted with spent oil, from different regions of Anambra state, Nigeria, were examined for biosurfactant-producing bacteria. The bacterial isolates were screened for biosurfactant production in mineral salt medium (MSM) and nutrient broth supplemented with olive oil(NB). Biosurfactant production assay fermentation broth, include emulsification index measurement, oil displacement test, drop collapse test and blue agar plate test. The active producers were identified based on 16S rDNA sequencing.
Results: Out of the twenty-nine bacterial species screened, two of the isolates were recovered as active biosurfactant producers. They were identified as Pseudomonas monteilii AF064458 and Citrobacter murliniae AF025369. The biosurfactant production assay carried out on mineral salt medium and nutrient broth supplemented with olive oil revealed that P. monteilii AF064458 had emulsification index (E24) of 76.67% and 64.85%, oil displacement diameter of 2.1 cm and 1.2 cm respectively. The drop collapse test was positive in both medium and the organism showed a positive blue-agar plate test of 0.8 cm in diameter. With C. murliniae AF025369, an emulsification index (E24) of 66.67% and 63.33%, and an oil displacement diameter of 1.8 cm and 1.6 cm were obtained in MSM and NB respectively. A positive drop collapse test in both medium, and a negative blue-agar plate test were observed. Biosurfactants produced Biosurfactants produced by P. monteilii AF064458 and C. murliniae AF025369 reduced surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 34 mN/m and 42 mN/m, with critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of 50 mg/L and 60 mg/L respectively.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that Pseudomonas monteilii AF064458 and Citrobacter murliniae AF025369 are biosurfactant-producing bacteria.
Nutrient agar
Agar diffusion test
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Objective To investigate the best cultivated condition of bacillus subtilis in silver-staining. Methods Bacillus subtilis was cultivated with 30 ℃,35 ℃ nutrient agar,blood agar and bouillon for 6 ～ 12 h,and taken to smear at 6,8,10,12 h each. Bacterial flagella was observed with micro after argentation. Results Many integrity flagella and clean vision were observed after raising bacillus subtilis in 30 ℃ nutrient agar for 8 ～ 10 h and staining. Conclusion To cultivate the bacillus subtilis in 30 ℃ nutrient agar for 8 ～ 10 h and stain have the best result.
Nutrient agar
Bacillus (shape)
Gram staining
Agar gel
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Objective To explore simple and practical hospital's air sampling and detection methods.Methods general nutrition agar plate and rabbit blood nutrient agar plate of the hospital environment for the settlement of air sampling tests and the results were compared.Results nutrient agar plate for general sampling and testing,the total bacteria exceeding rate is 17.57 percent,not detected Staphylococcus aureus,hemolytic streptococcus;nutrition with rabbit blood agar plates for sampling and testing,the total bacteria exceeding rate is 18.41%,and the detection of Staphylococcus aureus 5,hemolytic streptococcus two.Total bacteria exceeding rate of between two flat no significant difference(χ2 = 0.11,P 0.05),two flat growth on the average number of colonies of the distribution of sample interval of a few no significant difference(χ2 values were 0.14,0.01,0.31,0.17,0.12,0.10,all P 0.05),the Detection of pathogens between the difference was significant(χ2 = 7.05,P 0.05).Conclusion rabbit blood agar plates nutrient agar plate better than general nutrition agar plate,rabbit blood can be used to replace ordinary nutrient agar in hospital ambient air monitoring.
Nutrient agar
General hospital
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