Birefringence and Bragg grating control in femtosecond laser written optical circuits
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Fiber Bragg Grating
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A novel grating-writing interferometer is demonstrated. This interferometer is compact, stable, and tunable well over 1000 nm and does not suffer from the inherent path-length differences that are present in other methods. It allows for high-quality gratings to be inscribed by preventing light from unwanted orders from affecting the fringe pattern. This technique is used to introduce a novel method of apodization based on removing the Fresnel end reflections in a grating. The experimental evidence proves the concept and shows that the technique is potentially useful for Bragg-grating inscription.
Apodization
Inscribed figure
Fiber Bragg Grating
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We present a study of the short wavelength attenuation induced by ultra-stable gratings written by a femtosecond Ti-sapphire laser. We demonstrate that these gratings are indistinguishable from UV-written Type-II gratings.
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Fiber Bragg Grating
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Since its development in 2003, the technique of Bragg grating inscription using an ultrafast infrared laser and a phase mask has proven to be far more versatile than the standard ultraviolet laser approach. The ultrafast IR laser-based process allows for the creation of grating structures in glassy and crystalline material waveguides that are not typically UV-photosensitive, thereby creating new applications for Bragg gratings where the use of UV-photosensitive silica fibers is not possible. In this paper we will review the studies that have been performed at the Communications Research Centre Canada on the applications of the ultrafast laser technique to fabricate gratings in various optical fibers and waveguides.
Fiber Bragg Grating
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Ultraviolet
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Femtosecond laser processing of waveguide bundles with Bragg structures in bulk glass offers the possibility of stronger Bragg reflection signals, due to the higher refractive index contrast. First results of this new design are presented and will be discussed.
Fiber Bragg Grating
Waveguide
Reflection
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We experimentally realized an integrated temporal Fourier transformer based on a linearly-chirped Bragg grating waveguide written in silica glass with a femtosecond laser. The device operates in reflection and has a 10-nm bandwidth.
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We report on the inscription of fiber Bragg gratings using ultrashort laser pulses and the phase mask technique. By deforming the wavefront of the inscription laser a tuned reflection wavelength as well as broadband chirped gratings could be realized. A theoretical analysis and experimental results will be discussed.
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Fiber Bragg Grating
Long-period fiber grating
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The paper presents the results on inscription of long (up to 100mm) fiber Bragg gratings with point-by-point technique and phase-shifted gratings with continuous core-scanning technique by femtosecond laser pulses.
Fiber Bragg Grating
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Characterization
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Evidence of photo-annealing of fibre Bragg gratings written with a femtosecond laser has been observed when employed as high reflectors in high power Q-switched laser cavities.
Fiber Bragg Grating
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Optical waveguides that incorporate Bragg gratings have been written in bulk fused silica by using the femtosecond laser direct-write method and without the need for lithography or ion-beam techniques. A single manufacturing process is used to create waveguide-Bragg grating reflectors for operation in the C band.
Fiber Bragg Grating
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Waveguide
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