Conduction of neural impulses in diabetic neuropathy
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Diabetic Neuropathy
Microneurography
Refractory (planetary science)
Diabetic Neuropathy
Microneurography
Refractory (planetary science)
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Diabetic Neuropathy
Motor nerve
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Objective To study the therapeutic effect of the CsA+MA program in treatment refractoriness acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Methods To analyze the therapeutic effect of the CsA+MA program in treatment 11 cases refractoriness acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Results Of the 11 patients, 6 patients reached complete remission, 1 patient partial remission, the rate of complete remission is 54.5%, effective power is 63.6%. 4 patients were ineffective. Conclusions The CsA+MA program is effective in treatment refractoriness acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.
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Therapeutic effect
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
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Abstract B uchthal , F. and L. E ngbæek , Refractory Period and conduclion velocity of the striated muscle fibre . Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 59 . 199–220. —Refractory period and conduction velocity of transmembrane potentials were determined in single frog muscle fibres by intracellular stimulation and recording at 14, 20 and 25° C. At the end of the absolutely refractory period the latency of the potential evoked by the second stimulus was substantially increased mainly due to a reduction in conduction velocity, delayed firing causing at most 10 per cent of the total delay. The absolutely refractory period terminated at the onset of the negative after potential, recovery in excitability, amplitude and conduction velocity in the relatively refractory period occurred within a time interval in which the membrane potential did not change more than about 3 mV. At 2–3 times the absolutely refractory period excitability and conduction velocity had a supernormal phase. At the absolutely refractory period the level of depolarization required to initiate a propagated response had increased from 40 to more than 60 mV (recorded 0.25–0.6 mm from the stimulating electrode). A local response appeared at a time interval of 70–80 per cent of the absolutely refractory period of the propagated response.
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Since the peripheral nerve has the ability to regenerate, therapeutic intervention at earlier stages expected to have a better result in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. So early detection of diabetic neuropathy is one of the major goals in its management. Purpose: The purpose of present study is to evaluate the efficacy of the electrodiagnostic tests to detect diabetic neuropathy at an early stage (before development of the signs of neuropathy). Method: 30 diabetic patients with or without symptoms of diabetic neuropathy were included in the test group. Diabetic patients with signs of neuropathy and with other complications, like stroke, peripheral vascular diseases were excluded. Twenty six control subjects (non-diabetic with no family history of diabetes) were included. Both the groups were matched for age. To see the functional status of peripheral nerves motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV), compound muscle action potentials (CAMP) of median nerve were studied. Sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCV), and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of median and sural nerves were also measured. Results: Sensory nerve conduction velocity of sural nerve was significantly slowed (43.84±8.23 vs 48.23±5.03 m/sec, p < .05) in diabetic patients. Sural sensory nerve action potential has lower in amplitude (13.31±7.03 vs 14.24±4.714 mv, p<.3) in diabetic patients. Median sensory nerve conduction velocity did show difference (50.89+8.23 vs 57.17±6.67 m/s, p < .01) and median sensory nerve action potential has significantly lower in amplitude (3.86±1.016 vs 7.39±4.79, p < .001) in diabetic patients. No significant difference was found in median nerve motor conduction velocity between the two groups of subjects. Amplitude of compound muscle action potential of median nerve also shows no significant variations.Considering mean±SD value of conduction parameter as the cut off value, sural nerve sensory conduction velocity was found slowed in 8 diabetic subjects (26%). Sural nerve sensory action potential was of lower amplitude in 12 diabetic subjects (40%). Eleven diabetic subjects (36%) had lower amplitude for median sensory nerve action potential (SNAP). For compound muscle action potential (CAMP) and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) half the mean value of control was the cut off point. Conclusion: The result suggests that in diabetic patients of Bangladesh with or without symptoms of neuropathy, abnormalities of nerve conduction parameters can be detected early by routine electrodiagnostic monitoring. Sensory nerve conduction parameters are affected more than motor ones. Amplitude abnormalities are slightly more common than conduction velocity or latency abnormalities for sensory studies. Lower extremity nerves were affected more. Sural median nerve has the highest abnormalities in diabetic patients with early neuropathy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v24i1.3038 Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2008; Vol. 24 (1) :34-44
Sural nerve
Diabetic Neuropathy
Sensory nerve
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With the use of a double stimulus technique, nerve fibre velocity range measurements were performed over a single conduction distance in 13 normal subjects and over two conduction distances in another 12 normal subjects. The velocity ranges were found to be dependent upon the conduction distance, owing to unknown refractory period delays. Refractory period values were calculated for the 12 subjects and also direct refractory period distribution measurements were made on 15 normal subjects using a twin stimulus and automatic subtraction technique. Corrections to the velocity range measurements were made upon differing assumptions as to the correlation between refractory period and fibre conduction velocity. It was concluded that a single median value refractory period obtained from the distribution was the best correction to use, based upon the hypothesis that for group A fibres the random scatter of refractory period values is far greater than any variation due to a correlation between refractory period and fibre conduction velocity. It was found important to recognize that calculated values of velocity range are a function not only of the spread of fibre conduction velocities but also of refractory periods.
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Objective:To investigate the protective effects of NRF on peripheral neuropathy of diabetic rats.Methods:To use the model rats suffering from diabetes induced by Streptozotocin.The sensory nerve conduction velocity,stage of latency(SL) and amplitude of wave of sciatic nerve were determined with evoked electromyogram.The morphologic changes in diabetic neuropathy was observed with microscope and electro-microscope for 8 weeks.Results:It was shown that NRF was able to increase the sciatic nerve conduction velocity,reduce SL and increase wave amplitude significantly(P0.05) ,and improve the morphologic changes in diabetic neuropathy effectively.Conclusion:NRF may have the beneficial effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.The results suggest that NRF is able to improve the nerve conduction velocity and improve the morphology of sciatic nerve of diabetic rats.
Diabetic Neuropathy
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We evaluated a method for direct measurement of conduction velocity (CV) in sympathetic nerves in humans using a double-recording method of skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) by microneurography. SSNA in the tibial nerve was recorded simultaneously at proximal and distal sites in the popliteal fossa (short-distance study) or at the popliteal fossa and ankle (long-distance study). In both studies, CVs were determined by dividing the interelectrode distance on the skin by the difference in conduction time between the rising-phases (rising-phase analysis) or peaks of the integrated bursts (peak-to-peak analysis). The measurement using long distance and peak-to-peak analysis had the highest accuracy; it is an orthodromic conduction measurement, is unrelated to eliciting stimulus, has high temporal resolution, and is not affected by the effector organ conditions. The average CV of resting SSNA was 0.93 +/- 0.09 m/s.
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Popliteal fossa
Orthodromic
Tibial nerve
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Motor conduction velocities (CVs) were correlated with distal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes for tibial, peroneal, and median nerves in patients with biopsy-proven chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), diabetic neuropathy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Only in the diabetic patients did CV significantly correlate with CMAP amplitude. The data show that diabetic neuropathy produces conduction velocity slowing that cannot be explained by axon loss alone, and that differentiation between diabetic neuropathy and CIDP in an individual nerve is difficult. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21: 1228–1230, 1998.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Tibial nerve
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