Surface modification of a polyurethane film by low pressure glow discharge oxygen plasma treatment
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Abstract Low pressure oxygen plasma has been used to improve the surface wettability of a polyurethane film. The modifications induced by the plasma treatment in the material were analyzed using contact angle measurements. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique was used for surface characterization of the plasma‐treated films. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze topography changes due to the plasma‐etching mechanism. The results show a much better surface wettability of the film even for short exposure times, with a considerable increase in the surface energy values. As expected, functionalization with oxygen plasma is mainly because of surface oxidation with species like (CO, CO, OH, etc). An aging process with regard to polar groups rearrangement has been observed, thus promoting a partial hydrophobic recovery. Besides functionalization, the surface wettability of the material improves as a consequence of a slight increase in surface roughness because of the etching effect of oxygen plasma. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007Keywords:
Surface Modification
Glow discharge
Plasma Etching
Plasma activation
Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is a highly transparent polymer defined by excellent mechanical and barrier properties applicable in the food packaging industry. However, its low surface free energy restricts its use in many industrial processes and needs to be improved. The presented study modifies a BOPP surface using two different atmospheric-pressure plasma sources operating in ambient air and capable of inline processing. The volume dielectric barrier discharge (VDBD) and diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) were applied to improve the wettability and adhesion of the 1–10 s treated surface. The changes in morphology and surface chemistry were analyzed by SEM, AFM, WCA/SFE, and XPS, and adhesion was evaluated by a peel force test. Comparing both plasma sources revealed their similar effect on surface wettability and incorporation of polar functional groups. Additionally, higher surface roughness in the case of VDBD treatment contributed to slightly more efficient adhesion in comparison to DCSBD. Although we achieved comparable results for both plasma sources in the term of enhanced surface wettability, degree of oxidation, and stability of induced changes, DCSBD had less effect on the surface deterioration than VDBD, where surface structuring caused an undesirable haze.
Polypropylene
Surface Modification
Plasma activation
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Abstract Polyurethane has attracted the great attention of scientists because of its lightweight, high toughness, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In the past, polyurethane was mainly used in low‐end products because of its single function. With the development of science and technology, ordinary polyurethane has been unable to meet the diverse needs of people. In recent years, scientists have developed a lot of functional polyurethane: self‐healing polyurethane, antifouling polyurethane, antibacterial polyurethane, shape memory polyurethane and electromagnetic shielding polyurethane. Polyurethane with a single function has been reported by many people, while polyurethane with multiple functions has been rarely reported. This review comprehensively reviews the structural design and applications of functional polyurethane. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of chemical grafting functional polyurethane are introduced emphatically. Finally, challenges and future research directions of functional polyurethane are also discussed.
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A rigid polyurethane foam chip made from industrial scrap was used as a filler for flexible polyurethane foam. Functional groups were introduced into the rigid polyurethane foam chip by the reaction of the foam chip with 2-aminoethanol in the presence of a solvent. TDI-based rigid polyurethane foam chip reacted more readily with 2-aminoethanol than an MDI-based chip. Both TDI-based and MDI-based foam chips showed similar reaction behaviour in a polyether polyol used to prepare flexible polyurethane foam under the same processing conditions, showing that these reactant dispersion mixtures could be used as additives in composite foaming recipes.
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Non-equilibrium plasmas under atmospheric pressure are of great interest in polymer surface processing because of their convenience, effectiveness and low cost. In the present work polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surface is modified using the non-equilibrium plasma generated by the atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in ambient air. The differences in discharge characteristics between APGD and DBD are shown by measurement of their electrical discharge parameters and observation of light-emission phenomena. The effects of APGD and DBD on PET surface modification are studied by comparing their surface properties, which are characterized by contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). It is found that the APGD is quite homogeneous and stable in the whole gas gap, which differs from the filamentary micro-discharge of the DBD. It is concluded that the APGD and DBD treatments modify the PET surface in both morphology and composition, but APGD is more effective in PET surface modification than DBD as it can modify the surface more uniformly and make the contact angle decline to a lower level.
Glow discharge
Surface Modification
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Plasma cleaning
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The key research of anionic aqueous polyurethane,the factors to affect the performance of aqueous polyurethane and processing mechanism of waterborne polyurethane dispersion were discussed in this paper.The progress on its modifying of anonic aqueous polyurethane was summarized.Some suggestions of the progress of waterborne polyurethane for the future was put forward.
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Polyurethanes are versatile materials used widely in many applications. Annual production of polyurethanes is increasing day by day. The most important application of polyurethane covering its major market is polyurethane foam. Flexible and rigid foams are two major types of polyurethane foam used widely. Flexible and rigid foam samples were synthesized on lab scale by cup foaming. All samples were characterized by finding density of each sample. Cream, gel and rise time were also estimated for each sample. The chemical compositions of all polyurethane foam samples were characterized by FTIR analysis.
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Plasma Etching
Plasma polymerization
Glow discharge
Plasma cleaning
Plasma activation
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This paper evaluated the function and importance of aqueous polyurethane dispersions. The research development of aqueous polyurethane dispersions was reviewed, too. The methods for preparing aqueouos polyurethane dispersions were summarized. It was told that the main method was that in the systems of aqueous polyurethane dispersions both vinyl group and isocyanate group were used simultaneously to form interpenetrating polymer networks. Finally the application development trend of aqueous polyurethane dispersions was pointed out.
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Research progress of application of polyurethane in functional polymers was reviewed in this paper.The study of biodegradable polyurethane,medical polyurethane,conductive polyurethane,antistatic polyurethane,antibacterial polyurethane and luminous polyurethane were introduced.The prospective development of these polyurethane is put forward.
Antistatic agent
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Abstract Low pressure oxygen plasma has been used to improve the surface wettability of a polyurethane film. The modifications induced by the plasma treatment in the material were analyzed using contact angle measurements. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique was used for surface characterization of the plasma‐treated films. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze topography changes due to the plasma‐etching mechanism. The results show a much better surface wettability of the film even for short exposure times, with a considerable increase in the surface energy values. As expected, functionalization with oxygen plasma is mainly because of surface oxidation with species like (CO, CO, OH, etc). An aging process with regard to polar groups rearrangement has been observed, thus promoting a partial hydrophobic recovery. Besides functionalization, the surface wettability of the material improves as a consequence of a slight increase in surface roughness because of the etching effect of oxygen plasma. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Surface Modification
Glow discharge
Plasma Etching
Plasma activation
Cite
Citations (59)