Nitrogen Metabolism in Plant Cell Suspension Cultures
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Tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum) are capable of growth on ammonia as a sole nitrogen source only when succinate, malate, fumarate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, glutamate, or pyruvate is added to the growth medium. A ratio between the molar concentrations of ammonia to succinate (as a complementary organic acid) in the growth medium of 1.5 was optimal. Succinate had no effect on the rate of uptake of ammonia from the medium into the cells although it did affect the intracellular concentration of ammonia. However, the changes were not sufficient to explain inhibition of growth as being due to ammonia toxicity. The radioactivity from 14C-succinate was incorporated into malate, glutamate, and aspartate within 2 minutes. It appears that the role of organic acids is neither connected to ammonium transport nor to relief of ammonia toxicity, but may be related to the need for additional carbon skeletons for synthesis of amino acids.Keywords:
Suspension culture
Nitrogen Cycle
Plant cell
The interactions between processes of the nitrogen cycle and nitrogen uptake by plants of winter wheat on an arable gray forest soil were examined. Nitrogen immobilized by microorganisms and inorganic nitrogen demonstrated opposite behavior: Microbial N increased while inorganic N decreased. Nitrogen uptake by plants was favored by mineralization of microbial nitrogen. To describe nitrogen immobilization by microorganisms, remineralization, gaseous losses, and nitrogen uptake by plants, a first‐order model was used. In arable gray forest soil at least 70% of 15N in the plant crop was derived from remineralized microbial nitrogen. Microbial biomass was found to be one of the main sources of nitrogen in plant nutrition and the important factor controlling nitrogen uptake by plants.
Nitrogen Cycle
Arable land
Nitrogen deficiency
Reactive nitrogen
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Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen deficiency
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Nitrogen fixation is an integral component of the global nitrogen cycle, providing the link between the largest reservoir of nitrogen on earth, gaseous N2, and the pool of biochemically fixed nitrogen. The first suggestions that nitrogen could be biologically “fixed” occurred in the early 1800s with the realization that some types of leguminous plants thrive in nitrogen-poor soils. Researchers later identified the rhizobial symbionts that are responsible for this activity.
Nitrogen Cycle
Component (thermodynamics)
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Nitrogen Assimilation
Nitrogen Cycle
Assimilation (phonology)
Ammonium nitrate
Nitrogen deficiency
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Chemostat
Suspension culture
Plant cell
Suspension
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Suspension culture
Plant cell
Suspension
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The prelims comprise: Introduction Some General Conclusions and Suggestions Based on the Present Biotechnological Impact of Plant Cell Cultures as Producers Secondary Product Formation in Suspension Cultures Secondary Product Formation in Hairy Root Cultures Plant Tissue Cultures as a Source of New Chemicals? Biotransformations with Cultured Plant Cells Metabolic Engineering of Secondary Pathways in Cultured Cells Conclusions and Outlook
Plant cell
Suspension culture
Secondary metabolism
Hairy Root Culture
Metabolic Engineering
Plant tissue culture
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Nitrogen Cycle
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The alfalfa( Medicaga sativa Gannong No. 3) growing in second year was used to study its nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen accumulation under different nitrogen application levels( 0( CK),51. 75,103. 5 kg·hm- 2) and different mowing times. The results showed that compared with CK,the nitrogen treatments significantly( P 0. 05) increased the activity of nitrate reductase( NR),glutamine synthetase( GS) and transaminase( GOT,GPT),and the contents of soluble protein and total protein in leaves. The activity of tested nitrogen metabolism enzymes reached thehighest when nitrogen application level was 103. 5 kg·hm2. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between nitrogen application level( x) and total protein content( y) follow a quadratic equation y =- 0. 113 x2+ 53. 632 x + 1 681. 911( R2= 0. 999**). And the nitrogen accumulation positively correlated to nitrogen metabolism activity and soluble protein content( P 0. 05),This suggested that nitrogen fertilization could promote the activity of nitrogen metabolism enzyme.
Nitrogen Cycle
Medicago sativa
Nitrogen deficiency
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Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen deficiency
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