Solubilization Effect of Surfactants on Morphological Transformation of Cadmium and Pyrene in Co-Contaminated Soils
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Fraction (chemistry)
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CADMIUM EXPOSURE
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In the contaminative soil of cadmium and zinc,the different concentration of cadmium and zinc influence alfalfa′s quality and cadmium content.The research indicate,when the concentration of cadmium increase,the content of cadmium in alfalfa increase.Zinc depress the absorption of cadmium.The cadmium concentration in soil and alfalfa is a liner response.The low concentration cadmium in soil accelerate the protein,the high concentration cadmium in soil depress the protein,The research indicate: It′s feasible to plant alfalfa in the low concentration of cadmium.
CADMIUM EXPOSURE
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Host–guest complexation between γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD, cyclo-octa-amylose) and pyrene has been studied in detail by fluorescene and induced circular dichroism (i.c.d.) spectra. γ-CD forms complexes with pyrene with 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 2 : 1, and 2 : 2 stoicheiometries at ambient temperature. The inclusion of pyrene by γ-CD proceeds stepwise; γ-CD including only one pyrene molecule can accommodate a second pyrene molecule to produce a 1 : 2 and/or 2 : 2 complex. Both in a monomolecularly dispersed pyrene solution and in a suspended pyrene solution, several hours are required for γ-CD to include two pyrene molecules. The configuration of two pyrenes included is an S-helix. At temperatures above ca. 85 °C, a 1 : 1 complex alone is formed mainly, where a pyrene molecule is accommodated with its long axis parallel to the axis of γ-CD. The data are compared with those of the systems containing β-CD (cyclohepta-amylose) in place of γ-CD.
Helix (gastropod)
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In this study, one strain of fungi identified as Phoma sp. F2 with high ability of cadmium resistance and accumulating the heavy metal was screened from a mineral blende, then removal and adsorptive behavior for cadmium by F2 were studied. We discovered that F2 survived as high concentration as at 2 000 mg· L- 1 of cadmium. When cultured in liquid, cadmium in medium was removed effectively, especially, with highly initial concentration of cadmium, and cadmium content of dried biomass reached 28% . Adsorption of cadmium by dried biomass of F2 was in accordance with stair adsorption kinetics, and kinetic parameters were calculated in the present study. We also found that the adsorption ability of lyophilized biomass was much higher than oven dried biomass. It was suggested that the fungi remove effectively cadmium at wide ranges of pH and cadmium concentrations.
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The time course of cadmium uptake by the roots of intact tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was measured in a nutrient solution with a micromolar cadmium concentration until all cadmium in the medium was exhausted. Exhaustion taking a few hours, cadmium was repeatedly added to the nutrient solution. The initial rate of cadmium uptake was computed for each cadmium addition. This rate sharply increased and ultimately leveled off, the maximum value being about three times higher than the value measured after the first cadmium addition. The stimulating effect of cadmium was associated with an inhibitory effect at higher levels of cadmium concentrations. An increase in the net cadmium influx with time could not be explained by the binding of heavy metal to a fixed number of organic compounds. Conceivably, the production of binding sites could be increased and cadmium might play a part in controlling the rate of sites production.
Cadmium nitrate
Lycopersicon
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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