Improved staining of unembedded brain tissue
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Microtome
Brain tissue
A New Model Sliding Microtome for ultra thin-sectioning for the electron microscopy is designed by authors. This microtome is a modified Jung type microtome and has such mechanism to keep 0.05 micron scale as follows; (1) inclination of the rail is 1:40; (2) pitch of the feed screw is 0.25 mm, (3) 125 teeth ratchet of hand feeding. Some electron micrographs of the tissue sections cut with this microtome are inserted in the text.
Microtome
Electron micrographs
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Microtome is a mechanical instrument used to cut biological specimens into very thin segments for microscopic examination. Biological specimens can be presented in many ways. But more often, these specimens are embedded in paraffin wax blocks and the commonest way of sectioning these specimens can be achieved by the microtome. The earliest form of the microtome enabled free hand sectioning of fresh or fixed material using a sharp razor. Modern microtomes are precision instruments designed to cut uniformly thin sections of a variety of materials for detailed microscopic examination. Central to the production of good sections is the microtome knife. Microtomy virtually begins and ends with a sharp, blemish-free cutting edge. The introduction of disposable blades has made easier the production of good quality, thin sections, but they are often unsatisfactory for sectioning harder tissues, especially bone. A sharp knife edge free from imperfections is essential for the production of good sections. Since many types of microtomes are commercially available in the market, choosing the right microtome is essential for producing the best result as required. A classification is proposed that unifies and organizes the various microtomes based on the mode of operation.
Microtome
Microscope slide
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Brain implant
Brain tissue
Strain (injury)
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Phantoms are common substitutes for soft tissues in biomechanical research and are usually tuned to match tissue properties using standard testing protocols at small strains. However, the response due to complex tool-tissue interactions can differ depending on the phantom and no comprehensive comparative study has been published to date, which could aid researchers to select suitable materials. In this work, gelatin, a common phantom in literature, and a composite hydrogel developed at Imperial College, were matched for mechanical stiffness to porcine brain, and the interactions during needle insertions within them were analyzed. Specifically, we examined insertion forces for brain and the phantoms; we also measured displacements and strains within the phantoms via a laser-based image correlation technique in combination with fluorescent beads. It is shown that the insertion forces for gelatin and brain agree closely, but that the composite hydrogel better mimics the viscous nature of soft tissue. Both materials match different characteristics of brain, but neither of them is a perfect substitute. Thus, when selecting a phantom material, both the soft tissue properties and the complex tool-tissue interactions arising during tissue manipulation should be taken into consideration. These conclusions are presented in tabular form to aid future selection.
Brain tissue
Gelatin
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Microtome
Cryostat
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We describe a simplified procedure for processing brain tissue for both light and electron microscopy. High resolution images displaying excellent tissue morphology and sharp contrast in structural components of brain cells were obtained. Sections were cut on a vibrating microtome, processed in the free-floating form, and mounted on Teflon coated slides. The desired area of interest was marked after light microscopic analysis and tracings or photographs were done. The minute piece of tissue was then extracted from the block, reembedded on top of a blank plastic block, cut on an ultramicrotome, and collected on grids for viewing with the electron microscope.The advantages of this method are quick identification of the precise location of the area of interest and permanent slides for further studies. This procedure will enable the researcher to perform a maximum number tests with a minimum of tissue.
Microtome
Brain tissue
Blank
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Microtome
Brain tissue
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Objective To explore the preparation method of the brain tissue slices applying to patch clamp study. Methods First,the artificial cerebrospinal fluid and cutting solution should be prepared. After decollating a 2-day- old rat,its brain was transferred into a microtome,which cut the brain into slices( 300 μm). Then the brain slices were kept in an incubation chamber for 0. 5 to 1 hour. Finally,the structures of the brain tissue could be observed un- der a microscope. Results The cell activity in the brain tissue with the method above were higher. Conclusion The brain tissue can meet the needs of patch clamp research.
Brain tissue
Clamp
Microtome
Brain Cell
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Two forms of a high speed type of microtome are described which are able to cut cross sections to the thinness required for electron microscopic study (0.1 to 0.8 micron, depending on the material). Techniques of microtome operation are suggested together with a few methods of sample preparation and subsequent section treatment, namely, collecting, selecting, and mounting. Embedding materials which sublime readily are described; these have been used successfully with this high speed microtome to support many types of materials. These volatile embedding materials have the advantage that they eliminate the difficulties that on some occasions arise with the use of solvents in the process of solvent extraction of embedding materials, such as Carbowax and paraffin, from the sections. A number of photographs are shown of the high speed microtome as well as electron micrographs of a few sections produced by the instrument. These pictures of rubber, rayon, Lucite, block Nylon, and animal tissue indicate some of the fields of application of the microtome and demonstrate the effectiveness of the necessary auxiliary techniques for it, particularly sample hardening and embedding, and section collecting and mounting.
Microtome
Microscope slide
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To obtain ultra thin section for the Electron Microscopy, accuracy of specimen advancing is most important in ultra microtome. We have utilized ellastic deformation of steel as a feed mechanism for an ultra microtome, and obtained good result. In this paper, the introduction of the mechanism is descrived and a micrograph of the section obtained by this microtome is showed.
Microtome
Thin section
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