Abnormal white matter integrity in long-term abstinent alcohol dependent patients
Nabi ZorluTugba Karavul UcmanFazıl GelalÇiğdem Çolak KalaycıSerap PolatAybala SarıçiçekPelin ZorluŞeref Gülseren
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Alcohol Dependence
Diffusion tensor imaging is currently the best noninvasive technique to assess microstructural changes in white matter pathways, which enables quantitative assessment of brain normal structures, brain development and lesions by calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, relative anisotropy and parallel diffusivity, etc. In order to improve the study on neonatal brain injuries, the application of diffusion tensor imaging in neonatal fields was reviewed in this paper.
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Diffusion tensor imaging; Brain development; White matter; Brain injury; Newborn infant
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Abstract Altered cerebral connectivity is one of the core pathophysiological mechanism underlying the development and progression of information-processing deficits in schizophrenia. To date, most diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies used fractional anisotropy (FA) to investigate disrupted white matter connections. However, a quantitative interpretation of FA changes is often impeded by the inherent limitations of the underlying tensor model. A more fine-grained measure of white matter alterations could be achieved by measuring fiber density (FD) - a novel non-tensor-derived diffusion marker. This study investigates, for the first time, FD alterations in schizophrenia patients. FD and FA maps were derived from diffusion data of 25 healthy controls (HC) and 21 patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), group differences in FD and FA were investigated across the entire white matter. Furthermore, we performed a region of interest (ROI) analysis of frontal fasciculi to detect potential correlations between FD and positive symptoms. As a result, whole brain TBSS analysis revealed reduced FD in SZ patients compared to HC in several white matter tracts including the left and right thalamic radiation (TR), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), corpus callosum (CC), and corticospinal tract (CST). In contrast, there were no significant FA differences between groups. Further, FD values in the TR were negatively correlated with the severity of positive symptoms and medication dose in SZ patients. In summary, a novel diffusion-weighted data analysis approach enabled us to identify widespread FD changes in SZ patients with most prominent white matter alterations in the frontal and subcortical regions. Our findings suggest that the new FD measure may be more sensitive to subtle changes in the white matter microstructure compared to FA, particularly in the given population. Therefore, investigating FD may be a promising approach to detect subtle changes in the white matter microstructure of altered connectivity in schizophrenia.
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The fractional anisotropy value of the brain white matter region was analyzed by Tract-Based Spatial Statics(TBSS) method after acquiring the diffusion tensor image to identify the presence or absence of brain white matter damage to smoking in male. As a result, smokers showed lower fractional anisotropy than non-smokers in all areas but fractional anisotropy values were not statistically significant. the fractional anisotropy value, on the other hand, was statistically significant only for the right choroid plexus. In other words smoking, although, does not significantly affect the micro structural changes of brain white matter, it affects the choroid plexus area.
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Objective To observe the changes of white matter by using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in developmental delay children with normal routine MRI results.Methods Twenty patients(aged 12—36 months) with developmental delay and the twenty cases of monthold matched normal development children were studied by conventional MRI and DTI technology.Fractional anisotropy(FA) and mean diffusivity(MD) values were measured in five regions of deep white matter and four regions of shallow white matter.Comparison were made in FA and MD values of developmental normal and development delay children.Results FA value in shallow white matter of developmental delay children was lower than that of control group(P0.05),MD values in shallow white matter and corpus callosum knee of developmental delay children was higher than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusion DTI may quantify the injuries of white matter microstructure in developmental delay children with normal routine MRI results.
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Background and Aim: Diffusion Tensor Imaging studies provide a valuable information regarding the status of white matter tracts adjacent to the intracranial brain lesions. The quantitative nature of Diffusion Tensor Imaging will play a role in assessing the outcome of clinical trials, as an additional surrogate marker in monitoring the therapeutic response. The aim of our study were to determine the Mean Diffusivity and Fractional Anisotropy coefficients in the affected white matter tracts and thereby to compare the Fractional Anisotropy and Mean Diffusivity of the affected white matter tracts in primary, secondary brain tumours and tumour like lesions.Materials and Methods: From December 2018 to September 2019, 49 patients were included in the study who were referred to the department for conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The histopathological diagnosis was obtained and confirmed in patients who have undergone surgical resection.Results: Diffusion Tensor Imaging studies provide a valuable information regarding the status of white matter tracts adjacent to the intra cranial brain lesions. Fractional Anisotropy depends on the orientation and density of white matter fibres and Mean Diffusivity depends on the degree of perilesional edema. Gliomas present with white matter fibre destruction and less vasogenic edema when compared to tumour like lesions, and a higher perilesional Apparent Diffusion Coefficient favours a non-neoplastic etiology. Thus, the Diffusion Tensor Imaging sequences may help in differentiating the brain lesions of different aetiologies.Conclusion: The quantitative nature of Diffusion Tensor Imaging will play a role in assessing the outcome of clinical trials, as an additional surrogate marker in monitoring the therapeutic response. Careful studies to validate Diffusion Tensor Imaging and its metrics will allow it to become more applicable clinically and can affect therapeutic decision-making, choosing appropriate treatment and eventually patient outcome.
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Alterations in white matter microstructure associated with chronic alcohol use have been demonstrated in previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) research. However, there is conflicting evidence as to whether such differences are influenced by an individual's biological sex. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of sex differences in the white matter microstructure of the brains of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and healthy controls.
Alcohol use disorder
Alcohol Dependence
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