Pyrethroids, knockdown resistance and sodium channels
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Abstract Knockdown resistance to DDT and the pyrethrins was first described in 1951 in the housefly ( Musca domestica L.). This trait, which confers reduced neuronal sensitivity to these insecticides, was subsequently shown to confer cross‐resistance to all synthetic pyrethroid insecticides that have been examined to date. As a consequence, the worldwide commercial development of pyrethroids as a major insecticide class over the past three decades has required constant awareness that pyrethroid overuse has the potential to reselect this powerful resistance mechanism in populations that previously were resistant to DDT. Demonstration of tight genetic linkage between knockdown resistance and the housefly gene encoding voltage‐sensitive sodium channels spurred efforts to identify gene mutations associated with knockdown resistance and understand how these mutations confer a reduction in the sensitivity of the pyrethroid target site. This paper summarizes progress in understanding pyrethroid resistance at the molecular level, with particular emphasis on studies in the housefly. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical IndustryKeywords:
Housefly
Knockdown resistance
Pesticide resistance
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The current progress in the study on molecular basis of insecticide resistance of housefly was reviewed.The mutations in amino acid residues of MdaE7 are associated with the resistance of housefly to organophosphorus compounds(OPS).The over-expression of glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)plays an important role in OP-resistant housefly strains.Kdr and P450-mediated detoxification were found to be the main mechanism of resistance to DDT and pyrethroid pesticides.There are two alleles associated with insensitivity of the voltage sensitive sodium channel:kdr and super-kdr,which result from M918T and M918T/L1014F amino acid substitutions.P450 monooxygenases have some degree of [plasticity in response to pesticide selection.The elucidation of the molecular basis of insecticide resistance will help to develop accurate and rapid tools for detecting and monitoring resistance of pests.
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Knockdown resistance
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Abstract The genetics of resistance of the housefly, Musca domestica L., to organochlorine and organophosphorus insecticides, and interactions between mechanisms of resistance are reviewed and discussed.
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Insecticide Resistance
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Housefly resistance to DDT and lindane in Egypt was first reported 17 years ago, yet these insecticides continue to be used.The present degree of housefly resistance to DDT and lindane was found to be high, and cross-resistance to dieldrin was discovered. An analysis of dieldrin resistance was made, and it was found that a single selection with dieldrin at a high selection pressure resulted in a homozygous resistant strain. The strains were found to be still susceptible to organophosphates and carbamates, some of which could be chosen for housefly control in Egypt.
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Summary We report a case of cutaneous myiasis by the housefly. Musca domestica.
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Abstract Knockdown resistance to DDT and the pyrethrins was first described in 1951 in the housefly ( Musca domestica L.). This trait, which confers reduced neuronal sensitivity to these insecticides, was subsequently shown to confer cross‐resistance to all synthetic pyrethroid insecticides that have been examined to date. As a consequence, the worldwide commercial development of pyrethroids as a major insecticide class over the past three decades has required constant awareness that pyrethroid overuse has the potential to reselect this powerful resistance mechanism in populations that previously were resistant to DDT. Demonstration of tight genetic linkage between knockdown resistance and the housefly gene encoding voltage‐sensitive sodium channels spurred efforts to identify gene mutations associated with knockdown resistance and understand how these mutations confer a reduction in the sensitivity of the pyrethroid target site. This paper summarizes progress in understanding pyrethroid resistance at the molecular level, with particular emphasis on studies in the housefly. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Housefly
Knockdown resistance
Pesticide resistance
Cite
Citations (178)