Cutaneous wart-associated HPV types: Prevalence and relation with patient characteristics
Sjoerd BrugginkMaurits N.C. de KoningJacobijn GusseklooPaulette F. EgbertsJan ter ScheggetMariet C.W. FeltkampJan Nico Bouwes BavinckWim QuintWillem JJ AssendelftJust Eekhof
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Abstract:
Epidemiological data on cutaneous wart-associated HPV types are rare.To examine the prevalence of cutaneous wart-associated HPV types and their relation with patient characteristics.Swabs were taken from all 744 warts of 246 consecutive immunocompetent participants and analysed by a broad spectrum HSL-PCR/MPG assay. Patient details including location, duration, and number of warts were recorded.No HPV DNA was detected in 49 (7%) swabs, a single HPV type in 577 (78%) swabs, and multiple HPV types in 118 (16%) swabs. HPV 2, 27 and 57 (alpha genus), HPV 4 (gamma genus) and HPV 1 (mu genus) were the most frequently detected HPV types, and HPV 63 (mu genus) was only frequently detected together with other HPV types. Less frequently detected HPV types were HPV 3, 7, 10 and 28 (alpha genus), 65, 88 and 95 (gamma genus) and 41 (nu genus). Warts containing HPV 1 showed the most distinct clinical profile, being related to children aged <12 years, plantar location, duration <6 months, and to patients with <4 warts.HPV 27, 57, 2 and 1 are the most prevalent HPV types in cutaneous warts in general population. Warts infected with HPV 1 have a distinct clinical profile.Keywords:
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Development of Genital Warts after Incident Detection of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Young Men
Determining the rate at which men develop genital warts after infection with alpha genus human papillomavirus (HPV) types will provide important information for the design of prevention strategies. We conducted a cohort study of 18-21-year-old men who underwent triannual genital examinations. The 24-month cumulative genital wart incidence was 57.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.1%-79.1%) among 46 men with incident detection of HPV-6 or HPV-11 infection, 2.0% (95% CI, 0.5%-7.9%) among 161 men with incident detection of infection with other HPV types, and 0.7% (95% CI, 0.2%-2.8%) among 331 men who tested negative for HPV. Our results suggest that genital warts are common after HPV-6 or HPV-11 infection in young men.
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The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine currently being delivered to Australian women aged 12–26 years under the National HPV Vaccination Program promises to substantially reduce the incidence of genital warts. We review what is known about the burden of genital warts among Australian women. Incidence appears to peak among women aged 20–24 years, of whom 1.4% report genital warts in the previous year and who are hospitalised for treatment at a rate of 26 per 100 000. A surveillance system capable of documenting any decrease in the incidence of genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis after vaccination is urgently required.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common in England. Persistent HPV infection can cause cervical and other HPV-related cancers. In clinical trials, HPV vaccination was found to have very high efficacy against HPV infection and early HPV-related disease. The National HPV Immunisation Programme, using HPV16/18 vaccine, was introduced in the UK in September 2008 for females aged up to 18 years old. This thesis aims to evaluate the equity and coverage of HPV vaccination in England and the population-level impact of the vaccination programme on infection and early disease outcomes in young females. In this thesis, serological surveillance confirmed high coverage of HPV vaccination in the targeted female population. However, surveillance among women at higher risk of HPV infection indicated lower coverage among those born outside of the UK, from more deprived areas or with a previous diagnosis of chlamydia infection. The same higher-risk population was used to investigate a previous ecological observation of reduced genital warts diagnoses since the vaccination was introduced. I designed and conducted a case-control study to estimate the effectiveness of HPV16/18 vaccination against genital warts (which are largely caused by HPV6/11). This study found no evidence that HPV16/18 vaccination offered cross-protection against warts (adjusted odds ratio (95% CI):1.02 (0.72- 1.45)). My analyses of HPV infection surveillance data within the post-vaccination period (2010-2016) demonstrated substantial declines in prevalence of HPV16/18 infection in 16-18 year olds (8.2% in 2010/2011 compared to 1.6% in 2016) and of HPV31/33/45 (6.5% to 0.6%). This work provides evidence of substantial direct protection against HPV16/18 and some type-specific cross-protection. It also shows a strong herd protection effect of vaccination. Reassuringly, there was no evidence of other non-vaccine types becoming more common. The results of this thesis will inform future decisions about changes to the National HPV Immunisation Programme and the UK Cervical Screening Programme.
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Objective Genital human papillomavirus(HPV) infection,one of the most common sexually transmitted infections,is associated with cancers,genital warts,and other epithelial lesions.Although a consistent and coherent picture of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of genital HPV infections in women has developed over the past two decades,less is known about these infections in men.With the anticipated availability of prophylactic HPV vaccines in the near future,it becomes increasingly important to understand the incidence and duration of HPV infections in men to develop more effective approaches to prevention through a combination of immunisation and promotion of risk-reduction strategies.
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This study sought to determine knowledge of and attitude towards human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, HPV-related diseases and HPV vaccines among female undergraduate students at the University of Lagos.A self-administered questionnaire was administered between May and July 2010, to 368 female students aged 16-29years, who were selected from two faculties of the University of Lagos using two-stage sampling method. Data collected included: socio-demographic characteristics, sexual history, awareness and knowledge of HPV infection, cervical cancer and genital warts, and HPV vaccine; the perceived risk of acquiring genital HPV infection and developing cervical cancer or genital warts, and the willingness to receive an HPV vaccine.Only 64 (17.7%) and 52 (14.4%) of the students had ever heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccines respectively. The median HPV knowledge on a 15-item score was 2. Overall, only 11.1% knew that genital HPV infection can cause cervical cancer. Fourteen (6.9%) of those who were aware of cervical cancer agreed they were at risk of developing the disease. Of the 52 students who had heard of the HPV vaccine, 24 (46.2%) knew it was given for cervical cancer prevention and 30 (57.7%) expressed their willingness to receive the vaccine.The knowledge of and the perceived susceptibility to HPV infection and HPV-related diseases among female students in the University of Lagos were generally low. The need for a well-designed HPV-educational program to bridge the knowledge gap cannot be overemphasized.
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Objective:To determine the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of genital human papillomavirus(HPV) infection during pregnancy and whether people have persistent HPV infection may pregnant.Methods:Forty-five pregnant women with genital HPV infection in PUMCH were analyzed retrospectively.Results: In these forty-five patients with genital HPV infection,26(58%) cases of genital warts,18(38%) subclinical infection,and 1(4%) latent infection with positive HPV-DNA but no any symptom and pathological changes.10(22%) patients were involved simultaneously other genital infection.Only 16(36%) patients received treatment of drug,laser,cryosurgery or surgery.39 patients,including 3 patients with persistent HPV infection had full-term pregnancy.No respiratory papillomatosis cases were identified in all newborns.3 patients kept genital warts in the postnatal recheck.13 patients had thinprep cytological test again and 4 were abnormal.5 patients had hybrid capture(HC2) again and 2 were positive.Conclusions: Prevalence of respiratory papillomatosis is rare in newborn with maternal genital HPV infection that often complicated with other genital infection.The patients with persistent HPV infection may pregnant when virus burden is low.
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We conducted a cross-sectional study on the occurrence of a specific type of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) among long-term monogamous male partners of women with cervical dysplasia and genital warts. The purpose of the study was to improve knowledge with regards to the management of these couples. The presence of genital HPV-DNA was detected by PCR with broad spectrum primers followed by hybridization. 82 males met the study criteria, 41 in each group. Genital HPV-DNA prevalence was 67.5% in the genital warts group and 72.2% in the cervical dysplasia group. The prevalence of high risk HPVs was higher in the cervical dysplasia group, while low risk HPVs were more prevalent in the genital warts group (p < .05). The prevalence of HPV in males was independent of the duration of the relationship (73.5% for 6-24 months and 66.7% for longer relationships). In conclusion, our results suggest that the prevalence of the genital HPV infection in both groups of male partners is comparable and very high, but the spectrum of HPV types varies significantly. The presence of the genital HPV infection in male sexual partners seems to be independent of the duration of the relationship. Applying the HPV vaccination to boys may prevent this phenomenon.
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