Evaluation of a selective medium for the isolation and differentiation of Haemophilus Influenzae and Haemophilus Parainfluenzae from the respiratory tract of chronic bronchitics
Diana C. TaylorAllan W. CrippsRobert ClancyK Murree-AllenMichael HensleyNicholas A. SaundersDavid C. Sutherland
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Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Isolation
Chocolate agar
Respiratory tract
A medium is described, which is selective for the haemophilus genus and also distinguishes between the species Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolated in primary culture from clinical material.
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
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Homology Between the Deoxyribonucleic Acids of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae
To determine the degree of homology between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from Haemophilus influenzae and that from Haemophilus parainfluenzae , the two DNAs were hybridized by the membrane-filter technique. It was found that 44% of the DNA from each species was sufficiently homologous to allow hybrid formation.
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There has not previously been an objective comparison of medium formulations for the primary isolation of Haemophilus species. This study was undertaken to evaluate the components required for the optimal growth of large, easily identifiable colonies of these bacteria. We compared six medium bases and seven supplements for their ability to support the growth of 86 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 17 strains of other species of Haemophilus. By using a growth index that combines colony size and the dilution factor, a formulation of GC agar base with 1% yeast autolysate and 5% sheep blood (chocolated) promoted the growth of large, easily recognizable colonies of H. influenzae and other Haemophilus species. This medium was designated GCYSB. The addition of hematin to supplements that supplied NAD (or factor V) to the medium was inhibitory to the growth of all of the Haemophilus species tested. In a clinical comparison of GCYSB with routinely used chocolate agar medium in two laboratories for the primary isolation of Haemophilus species, overall GCYSB promoted better growth of 124 strains of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae. GCYSB is easy to prepare and inexpensive compared with the ease of preparation and expense of other Haemophilus isolation media.
Chocolate agar
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Isolation
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Organisms of the Haemophilus group isolated from nonrespiratory and respiratory sources were studied taxonomically. All biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were encountered. However, nearly all H. influenzae from cerebrospinal fluids belonged to biotype I, while nearly all of those from conjunctivae belonged to biotype II. Only two of the 78 biotypable strains of H. influenzae produced beta-lactamase, but there was no other substantial difference in antimicrobial susceptibilities among biotypes of H. influenzae. Biotypes of H. parainfluenzae were less susceptible to penicillins and cephalosporins than those of H. influenzae.
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Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Medical microbiology
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ABSTRACT The biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates were determined with three commercially available biochemical test kits: the IDS RapID NH system, the Neisseria-Haemophilus identification test (NHI card), and the API NH strip. The API NH strip performed best, correctly classifying the biotypes of 371 of 380 (97.6%) different challenge strains.
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Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Isolation
Chocolate agar
Respiratory tract
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Haemophilus parainfluenzae
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Objective Investigate isolation rate and analyze resistance of Haemophilus mfluenzae and parainfluenzae during 2000～2001 in our hospital. Methods Samples were inoculated in the Chocolatc Haemophilus Agar, the strains were identified and β-lactamase and resistance test were carried out. Results In 974 samples from respiratory tract we found 8 strains of Haemophilus influcnzae, with β-lactamase(+) strains being 0, and 13 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae β-lactamases 7.69 in 2000. In 845 samples we found 25 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, and with β lxctamase(+) strans 24 and Haemophilus parain fluenzae 120 strains with β-lactamase 17.5 and were found 1 strain β-lactamase negative in 2001. Conclusion Haemophilus is a very important infectious agent in respiratory tract, and the culture medium quality is a key factor to isolation rate of Haemophilus. In 2001 Haemophilus infuenzae β-lactamases(+) stain was 24, but it was unusual to find multi-resistance. Haemophilus parainfluenzae resistance is more complex than that of Haemophilus influenzae, it occurs by other mechanisms and is more difficult in terms of treatment. The correct use of antibiotics is the best way to decrease drug resistance.
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Chocolate agar
Isolation
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Haemophilus influenzae is a frequent causal agent of serious infections in infants. Mostly these infections occur at the age of 3 months to 3 years. Reports about infections in the neonatal period were rare in the past and most of them were single cases. In the last years an increase of neonatal infections due to Haemophilus influenzae had been reported. In the period from June 1980 to January 1986 we saw 5 newborns with severe infections due to Haemophilus influenzae and one neonate infected by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. By discussion of our cases and by review of the literature we want to show important aspects of pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics and therapy of neonatal infections due to bacteria of the genus Haemophilus.
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