Overexpression, characterization, and dye-decolorizing ability of a thermostable, pH-stable, and organic solvent-tolerant laccase from Bacillus pumilus W3
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Abstract In a biorefinery process, 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a promising biomass‐derived chemical with diverse industrial applications. The biotransformation of HMF to different high‐valued furanic derivatives, such as 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid, 2,5‐diformylfuran, 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid, and 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid, has led to the transition from fossil‐derived products to bio‐based chemicals through sustainable routes. Although, chemocatalytic conversion of HMF has been extensively studied in the recent years, the higher selectivity, environment friendliness, and mild reaction conditions of HMF bioconversion has established these processes as a promising alternative to harsh chemical conditions. To understand the present status and challenges of HMF bioconversion, this review retrospects and describes the recent advancements in the biotransformation of HMF and systematically assesses the recent findings and developments in the HMF biotransformation through various reaction schemes. Further, this review illustrates, in comprehensive detail, the merits and challenges of various biological processes and it proposes a few research trends for economical and facile HMF bioconversion for commercialization. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioconversion
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Chemical industry
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The biotransformation of four alcohol substrates (butanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol and 2-phenylethanol) into their acids was studied using a strain of Acetobacter aceti. Bioconversion yields depended on the molecular structure of the alcohol. Biotransformation of high concentrations of alcohols was possible until the precursor reached an inhibiting concentration (3·8 g dm−3 for butanol and 3-methylbutanol, 4·2 g dm−3 for 2-methylbutanol). In contrast, biotransformation of 2-phenylethanol decreased when alcohol concentration was higher than 0·3 g dm−3. Dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH conditions of the medium were important factors in improving bioconversion. Transformation of 2-methylbutanol into the corresponding acid was increased when dissolved oxygen partial pressure increased from 60 to 80% and regulation at pH 6 allowed an increase in the production of butyric acid from butanol. © 1997 SCI.
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n-Butanol
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Novel strains of yeast from natural sources like fruits for biotransformation studies were investigated. In our experiments the L-PAC product obtained from benzaldehyde through biotransformation of benzaldehyde by free and immobilized cells of the yeast of different strains has been attempted and results were compared. Free and immobilized cells of all isolates were prepared and studied for their bioconversion potential in molasses medium. Free cells of all isolates showed slight increase in percentage bioconversion than immobilised cells.
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Benzaldehyde
Yeast extract
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The effect of pH, metal ion and temperature on Coriolus versicolor laccase activity and stability was studied in the paper. Meanwhile, the substrate concentration effect of this laccase is also studied and Km is measured. The results showed: Cu~(2+) and Co~(2+) had activation but Ag~+ had inhibition on activity of laccase. The optimum pH of the laccase was 4.8, and the laccase was stable from pH4 to 4.8. The optimum temperature of laccase was 40 ℃; and the laccase could work continuously under 50 ℃. The Km of the laccase measured 4.2×10~(-3) mol/L.
Trametes versicolor
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The biotransformation of four alcohol substrates (butanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol and 2-phenylethanol) into their acids was studied using a strain of Acetobacter aceti. Bioconversion yields depended on the molecular structure of the alcohol. Biotransformation of high concentrations of alcohols was possible until the precursor reached an inhibiting concentration (3·8 g dm−3 for butanol and 3-methylbutanol, 4·2 g dm−3 for 2-methylbutanol). In contrast, biotransformation of 2-phenylethanol decreased when alcohol concentration was higher than 0·3 g dm−3. Dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH conditions of the medium were important factors in improving bioconversion. Transformation of 2-methylbutanol into the corresponding acid was increased when dissolved oxygen partial pressure increased from 60 to 80% and regulation at pH 6 allowed an increase in the production of butyric acid from butanol. © 1997 SCI.
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n-Butanol
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