Varietal Performance of Gram and Comparative Effectiveness of Three Insecticides Against Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hb.).
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This study was carried out at Entomology Section, ARI, Tandojam on chickpea variety DG-92.Two applications were done to determine the efficacy of Match 050 EC, Polytrin-C 440 EC, Lorsban 40 EC insecticides at 15 days interval.The observation was recorded before treatment and after 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and 7 to 14 days.The pre-treatment count of the H. armigera in plot application with Match (1.90±0.18)which was decreased to 1.33±0.19,1.00±0.30,0.73±0.12,0.67±0.13,0.70±0.13and 0.40±0.09/plant,respectively; followed by the plot application with Polytrin-C the H. armigera population for the observation of pre-treatment (2.70±0.26)which was decreased to 2.00±0.19,1.70±0.19,1.53±0.17,1.07±0.17,1.03±0.21and 0.40±0.09/plantafter 24, 48, 72, 96, one and two week of application, respectively.in the same way, on the plot application with Lorsban, the pre-treatment pod borer population was (3.17±0.21)reduced to 2.73±0.19,2.37±0.19,2.07±0.18,1.93±0.30,1.70±0.22and 1.50±0.24/plantafter 24, 48, 72, 96, 1 week and 2 weeks of application, respectively.In case of untreated control plots, the population of the H. armigera remained frequently high all through the study period which was 3.77±0.45before treatment, 3.97±0.42,4.00±0.54,4.20±0.67,4.23±0.51,4.80±0.62and 5.30±0.43/plantafter 24, 48, 72, 96 hours , 1 week and 2 weeks of application, respectively.The second application results showed that the H. armigera population varied significantly (P<0.05) when observed after 24, 48, 72, 96, one and two week after of application; while pre-treatment population on the experimental units was almost uniform and non-significant (P>0.05)Aftersecond application the population of H. armigera before treatment with Match was (2.00±0.17)declined to 1.60±0.18,0.97±0.13,0.83±0.13,0.70±0.13,0.57±0.10 and 0.23±0.08/plant.
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Four hundred and eighty six derivatives of green gram x black gram showed high magnitude of variability for plant height, number of pods per plant, seed yield, number of cluster. number of branches and pod yield. Moderate variability was found for pods per cluster, pod length. seed/pod and root length. Highly significant and positive association of seed yield with pod per cluster and pod yield: pod yield with number of pods: plant height with seeds per pod and number of branches with pod length and root length was found in the set of materials.
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Monitoring transcriptional reorganization triggered in response to a particular stress is an essential first step for the functional analysis of genes involved in the process. To characterize Cicer arietinum L. defence responses against Helicoverpa armigera feeding, transcript patterns elicited by both herbivore and mechanical wounding were profiled and compared, and the application of defence regulators was assessed. A combination of approaches was employed to develop transcript profiles, including suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), macroarray, northern blot, and cluster analysis. Of the 63 unique genes isolated, 29 genes expressed differentially when Helicoverpa feeding and wounding responses were compared. Comparative macroarray analyses revealed that most of the Helicoverpa-induced transcripts were methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene (ET) regulated. The effects of mild insect infestation and the exogenous application of signalling compounds on larval feeding behaviour were also monitored. Bioassays were performed to measure dispersal percentage and growth of larvae on elicited plants. Larvae released on elicited plants had decreased larval performance, demonstrating the central role of induced plant defence against herbivory. Similarly, wounding and exogenous application of MeJA and ET also affected larval growth and feeding behaviour. Our results demonstrated that Helicoverpa attack up-regulated large transcriptional changes and induced chickpea defence responses. Therefore, the results of this study advance the understanding of non-model plant–insect interactions on a broader scale.
Helicoverpa
Jasmonate
Methyl jasmonate
Northern blot
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The seeds of RS4 variety of green gram were treated with aqueous solutions of EMS with 0⋅2% and 0⋅3% concentrations and ten mutants showing a higher number of pods than the parent were isolated in the M2 generation. The mutants were further carried forward and tested under dryland conditions along with the parent and the highest yielding check. It was observed that the mutant strain M8 consistently maintained its superiority in yield and pod number per plant over RS4 and S8 under varying conditions of rainfall, exhibiting a combination of higher yield potential, earliness of maturity and tolerance to drought conditions. It has been suggested that variation for pod number per plant and growth pattern in green gram could be brought about by induced mutations.
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Strain (injury)
Non-invasive ventilation
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