Cytogenetic Studies in Myelomatosis
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Abstract:
Cytogenetic studies have been carried out on bone marrow aspirates from 25 patients with myelomatosis. Abnormal stem lines were present in 7 of the patients; the remainder had a diploid chromosome complement. In most patients - also in those without an abnormal clone - some metaphases had a blurred appearance similar to that seen in bone marrow aspirates from patients with acute leukaemia. In many of the chromosome preparations obtained before cytostatic therapy some metaphases with structural aberrations on the chromosomes were seen. Evidence is presented that in the patients with abnormal stem lines in the bone marrow, the chromosome abnormalities are confined to the myeloma cells and are not found in the erythrocytic or granulocytic precursors, which thus do not seem to be involved by the neoplastic process. Based on the present resuts and on a review of the relevant literature some general cytogenetic features are emphasized which may contribute to a better understainding of the disorder. Especially, it is demonstrated that in myelomatosis the cytogenetic changes are much more uniform than in other malignant disorders with the exception of chronic myeloid leukaemia.Keywords:
clone (Java method)
The chromosome numbers and karyotype analyses of Kaempferia laotica Gapnep and K. rotunda L. belonging to family Zingiberaceae in Thailand were studied from root tips. The results show that the chromosome number of Kaempferia laotica and K. rotunda was found the same numbers to be 2n = 22 and the different karyotype formula with different in position of satellite chromosome has been found in 14m + 4sm + 4st (and one visible satellite chromosome) and 12m + 10sm (and one visible satellite chromosome), respectively. Therefore, chromosome structure, karyotype formula and satellite chromosomes can be used for classification in each species. The satellite chromosomes of both species are the first time reported. The karyotype of K. laotica was studied for the first time.
Zingiberaceae
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Karyotype of two varieties of eggplant was analyzed.The results showed that the karyotype formulas of Pingdongchangqie is 2n=22m+2sm(2SAT),and the relative length of chromosome is 2n=10M1+14M2.The karyotype formulas of Ziqi is 2n=20m+4sm(2SAT),and the relative length of chromosome 2n=14M1+10M2.The number of chromosomes of the two varieties are 2n = 24.The karyotype of their chromosomes belongs to 2A type.
Melongena
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Somatic cell karyotypes of three Elytrigia elongata accessions collected from different countries were studied using root tip squash method to provide cytological characteristics and systematic evolution.Results showed that the chromosome karyotype of EE001 collected from Xinjiang of China was K(2n)=10X=70=50m+16sm+4st,and the composition of relative length chromosome was 1L+17M2+15M1+2S.The chromosome karyotype of EE014 collected from Germany was K(2n)=10X=70=48m+20sm+2st,and the composition of relative length chromosome was 3L+14M2+13M1+5S.The chromosome karyotype of EE020 collected from Portugal was K(2n)=10X=70=38m+22sm+8st+2t,and the composition of relative length chromosome was 5L+11M2+15M1+4S.The chromosome karyotypes of three E.elongata accessions were belonged to 2B types.
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Karyotypes of five populations of Thymus transcaspicus from different geographic sites in Iran are presented. The basic chromosome number of the studied populations was obtained as x=15. Presence of 30 chromosomes in Tiwan, Hikooh, Pakotel and Golmakharan populations and 60 chromosomes in Reiin population corresponds to diploid (2n = 2x = 30) and tetraploid levels (2n = 4x = 60), respectively. Chromosome number of 2n= 30 is reported for the first time in the species. Metacentric chromosomes are the most common, but sub-metacentric chromosomes are rare. Based on intrachromosomal asymmetry (A1 and TF %), population Reiin had the most asymmetric karyotype and population Golmakharan had the most symmetrical karyotype among the populations. According to interchromosomal asymmetry (A2 and DRL), among diploid populations, population Pakotal had the asymmetrical karyotype. The results indicate that at least in Iran T. transcaspicus is not a uniform species in regard to its chromosome number and karyotype. Meanwhile poloidy has played a role in the evolution within species.
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The study analyzes the clonal architecture and the abnormalities involved in a series of 191 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and 2-3 clonal abnormalities. All patients were extracted from an international database. The patients were classified into six clonal subtypes (2A-3C) based on the number of abnormalities and the presentation of unrelated clones (UC) and/or a clonal evolution. UC were detected in 23/191 patients (12%). The composition of UC showed great variability. The only recurrent combination of abnormalities was del(5q) and + 8 in 8 of 23 patients (35%). In patients with clonal evolution, the clone size of the primary and secondary clone varied: Patients with -7 and + 8 in the primary clone showed a larger primary and a smaller secondary clone (-7: median 74% vs 10%; +8 73% vs 18%) while patients with del(5q) in the primary clone showed a smaller primary and a larger secondary clone (33% vs 61%). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no significant differences regarding overall or AML-free survival between the clonal subtypes. Only the subtype 3C (3 abnormalities and clonal evolution) was an independent risk factor for developing AML (Hazard Ratio 5.5 as compared to subtype 2A, P < .05). Finally, our study confirms that the number of abnormalities clearly defines a significant risk factor for overall- as well as AML-free survival. Importantly, in patients with more than one clone, the calculation of the number of abnormalities in the entire sample instead of the number of abnormalities per clone allows a higher prognostic accuracy.
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Univariate analysis
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The diploid chromosome number in root tip cells in Iseilema vaginjorum, I. membranaceum and Pseudoiseilema australiansis was found to be 2n=18. The chromosome number in P. australiansis and I. membranaceum are new reports. While the karyotypes in these three species are also reported here for the first time.The karyotypic studies in all the three species indicated that majority of the chromosomes had submedium and having very less difference in their total chromatin length. However, the three species are found to be distinct in regards to position of the sat chromosomes. The assymetrical karyotype in all these species indicated that they are in the advancing stage of evolution.The idiograms of all the three species indicated that except, the minor differnces in the position of sat pairs, they are very allied to each other and seem to have been originated from common ancestor.
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clone (Java method)
Minimal Residual Disease
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Abstract. Nineteen species of halocyprid ostracods were dissected and analysed for karyotype studies. Results were obtained for only six species, 5 belonging to Conchoecia and 1 to Halocypris. The uniformity in the chromosome morphology of these species (metacentric/submetacentric) is similar to that found for the cypridinids. The size range of their chromosomes falls within the lower end of the studied cypridinid species. The chromosome counts, in some preparations, were somewhat impaired by uncertain cell boundaries and widely scattered chromosomes. In these cases, the morphology of the identifiable chromosomes and their size ranges were noted and wherever possible a provisional karyotype was suggested.
Morphology
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Trichinella spiralis
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