Damping properties of the nucleus pulposus
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Intervertebral Disc
Strain (injury)
The microscopic phase space approach RQMD 1 is used to investigate the stopping power of very heavy nuclei at collider energies. We find no gap in the rapidity distribution around mid-rapidity even at RHIC energies [Formula: see text], but rather strong filling of the mid-rapidity region. Neither is there a broad plateau for secondaries nor are the correlations between space-time and momentum as strong as in the Bjorken-McLarren scenario. This renders the Bjorken picture questionable at these energies for systems of combined mass A ≈ 400.
Stopping power
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Multiplicity (mathematics)
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Objective To introduce the research of nucleus pulposus cells for treating intervertebral disc degeneration.Methods The original articles in recent years about nucleus pulposus cells for treating intervertebral disc degeneration were extensively reviewed,and retrospective and comprehensive analysis was performed.Results Nucleus pulposus cells are not only simply a remnant of embryonic notochordal cells,but have also an important in? uence on the well-being of the whole disc.The biological treatment strategies aim to regenerate the disc by either trying to improve the micro-enviroment within the disc or to increase the popoulation of the nucleus pulposus,which includes transplanting mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into nucleus-like cells in the degenerated intervertebral disc.Conclusion Nucleus pulposus cells or nucleus pulposus like cells based cell transplantation methods prove to be a promising and realistic approach for the intervertebral disc regeneration.
Intervertebral Disc
Degeneration (medical)
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Nucleus pulposus replacement therapy could offer a less invasive alternative to restore the function of moderately degenerated intervertebral discs than current potentially destructive surgical procedures. Numerous nucleus pulposus substitutes have already been investigated, to assess their applicability for intradiscal use. Still, the current choice of testing methods often does not lead to efficient translation into clinical application. In this paper, we present the evaluation of a novel nucleus pulposus substitute, consisting of a hydromed core and an electrospun envelope. We performed three mechanical evaluations and an in vivo pilot experiment. Initially, the swelling pressure of the implant was assessed in confined compression. Next, we incorporated the implant into mechanically damaged caprine lumbar intervertebral discs to determine biomechanical segment behaviour in bending and torsion. Subsequently, segments were serially tested in native, damaged and repaired conditions under dynamic axial compressive loading regimes in a loaded disc culture system. Finally, nucleus pulposus substitutes were implanted in a live goat spine using a transpedicular approach. In confined compression, nucleus pulposus samples as well as implants showed some load-bearing capacity, but the implant exhibited a much lower absolute pressure. In bending and torsion, we found that the nucleus pulposus substitute could partly restore the mechanical response of the disc. During dynamic axial compression in the loaded disc culture system, on the other hand, the implant was not able to recover axial compressive behaviour towards the healthy situation. Moreover, the nucleus pulposus substitutes did not remain in place in the in vivo situation but migrated out of the disc area. From these results, we conclude that implants may mimic native disc behaviour in simple mechanical tests, yet fail in other, more realistic set-ups. Therefore, we recommend that biomaterials for nucleus pulposus replacement be tested in testing modalities of increasing complexity and in their relevant anatomical surroundings, for a more reliable prediction of clinical potential.
Intervertebral Disc
Biomechanics
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Matrix (chemical analysis)
Intervertebral Disc
Degenerative Disc Disease
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This paper presents a comparison of the data on the target nucleus excitation dependence of two-particle rapidity correlations among relativistic particles in hadron–nucleus interactions at 400 GeV/c with the additive quark model (AQM) for multiple production of particles off nuclei. The number of grey tracks (n g ) has been taken as the parameter characterizing the degree of excitation. The dependence has been found to agree quantitatively with the predictions of the AQM.
Particle (ecology)
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