Hand-washing and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Abstract:
Effective hand-washing, including drying to decrease skin surface microbial counts, is recognized as a critical factor in infection control policies. It is also recognized that hand-washing is not always undertaken as it should be. Spending large amounts of time with the hands in water is not enough to control infection as the technique of washing hands is more important than merely the length of time under water. Therefore, ways of promoting hand hygiene must be found, as well as finding ways of ensuring that healthcare workers follow hygiene guidelines.Keywords:
Hand washing
Washing hands
Cross infection
OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of hand hygiene of the nursing staff in operating room so as to improve the awareness of hand hygiene and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.METHODS A total of 23nursing staff from four country level hospitals of Xianju were chosen as the study objects,then the hands of the subjects were sampled according to the medical personnel hand hygiene norms of the Ministry of Health,and the questionnaire survey was conducted for the current status of the hand hygiene.RESULTS The bacterial colony count of the operating room nursing staff's hands was(11.25±6.58)CFU/cm2 before the hand washing,(10.35±6.67)CFU/cm2 after the hand washing;the qualified rate of the hand hygiene was 43.5% before the hand washing,47.8% after the hand washing,48.8% ofter contacting the patients and 52.2% ofter contacting the sterilized objects.CONCLUSIONThe current situation of the hand hygiene of operating room nursing staff is not optimistic,with the execution rate of the hand hygiene low,the compliance with hand washing poor.
Hand washing
Washing hands
Christian ministry
Nursing staff
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Skin care is an important component of hand hygiene and also infection prevention education programmes relating to hand hygiene (Bissett, 2007a,b). Hand hygiene is the term commonly used to describe hand washing using plain soap or antiseptic soaps and hand rubbing using waterless antiseptic products or alcoholbased products. The importance of effective hand hygiene is well documented (Larson, 1995; Boyce et al, 2002; Horton and Parker, 2002) and can be achieved by following the six-step technique used for hand washing as illustrated by the Royal College of Nursing (2000). During hand washing, hand soaps not only remove soils, but also the natural oils that protect the skin. This can vary depending on the frequency of hand washing, the temperature of the water and the ability of the soap to be rinsed from the surface of the hands (Starobin, 2007). This article aims to examine the evidence available to enable healthcare staff to make an informed decision on the importance of following a skin care regime to reduce the risk of bacterial loading on the hands caused by damaged skin. This would consequently lead to an improvement in hand hygiene efficacy.
Hand washing
Antiseptic
Washing hands
Skin care
Personal hygiene
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OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the hand hygiene status among clinical medical staff to find the problems and propose the improvement measures so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.METHODS The medical staff were investigated by questionnaire in conjunction with on-site observation of hand hygiene procedures and sampling methods.The irvestigated topics included hand-washing frequency,hand-washing methods,drying methods,related factors of affecting the implementation of hand hygiene,the awareness of hand hygiene knowledge,and the bacteria status in hand-carrying before and after hand-washing and so on.RESULTS 89.5% of the medical staff had accepted the education about the hand hygiene knowledge,97.6% of the medical staff considered washing hands could reduce the hospital infection,and only 1.1% of them considered hand hygiene had no relation to clinical treating result.Before hand washing the general bacterial count was 54.327 CFU/cm2,and after hand washing,the quantity of bacteria in hand-carrying was significantly lower,the general bacterial count was 8.520 CFU/cm2(P0.001).The bacterial counts of aseptic group of hand-washing before and after were lower than the overall level(P0.05),and the bacterial count of the other group showed no difference with the overall level between the hand-washing before and after.About the correct hand washing methods and passing rate of hand-washing,rate of nurse was significantly higher than that of the doctor.CONCLUSIONS There are the problems of neglect of hand hygiene and non-standard hand-washing methods among the clinical medical staff,so it′s very urgent to strengthen training and education,especially for the medical staff from emergency and medical technology departments.The hospital should strengthen education to enhance knowledge and awareness of hand hygiene,to improve hand hygiene compliance of medical staff and to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection caused by hand contact.
Hand washing
Washing hands
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OBJECTIVE To figure out the extent of knowledge of personal hygiene and implementation among pediatric accompanying persons,to discuss the necessary for improving education among then about hand hygiene.METHODS The pediatric health-related knowledge of hand hygiene and the implementation were investigated by anonymous questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 342 questionnaires were sent out and 342 copies were submitted actually.The accompanying persons were thought to spread beyond the addition of hepatitis B and other blood-borne diseases during the period in hospital accounted for 1.2%,frequently to wash hands which could reduce the chance for children to infection during in the hospital accounted for 7.9%.The awareness of infection accounted for 1.3%,washing hands before each feeding accounted for 67.3%,washing hands before direct contact with children accounted for 2.3%,but accompanying persons almost did not wash their hands,after contacting with body fluids from children,accounted for 78.9%,and almost no hand-washing after the direct contact with the surface accounted for 64.0%.CONCLUSION The knowledge of hand hygiene should be strengthened to improve the hand hygiene compliance and reduce the incidence of infection in pediatric hospitals by enhancing the propaganda and education.
Washing hands
Hand washing
Personal hygiene
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hand hygiene-related knowledges,and hand washing compliance rates,after full participation standard hand-washing Week.METHODS Development of standard hand-washing Week program,and conduct it,then followed up a month,from the post-activities to preliminary evaluation of create a three A-level cancer hospital.441 medical staff on hand hygiene and hand-washing technology related knowledge assessment questions,and observed 238 medical staff hand hygiene before and after operation,analysis the observations and assessment.RESULTS Through standard hand-washing Week,doctors,nurses,workers and service personnel knowledge of hand hygiene awareness,proper hand washing and hand-washing compliance rate has been significantly improved both.hand hygiene-related knowledge awareness were 87.69%,94.17%,77.47%;proper hand washing compliance rates were 88.46%,95.83%,94.37%;wash their hands before operating compliance of 82.61%,respectively,91.60%,76.32%,Wash hands after handling compliance was 91.30%,97.71%,92.11%.CONCLUSION Through Standard hand-washing Week activities,the hand hygiene knowledge the quality of hand washing and hand-washing compliance of medical staff are improved,showing the standard hand-washing week after the effectiveness of hand hygiene to further promote the work.
Hand washing
Washing hands
Hand sanitizer
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Objective
To explore the effect of behavioral change theory in improving hand hygiene knowledge and hand hygiene compliance of medical staff.
Methods
180 cases of medical staff were applicated of behavioral change theory for hand hygiene knowledge and hand-washing compliance from January 2016 to December 2016. The health knowledge and hand hygiene compliance of medical staff before and after implementation were compared.
Results
The awareness rates of medical staff on the 6-step washing method, hand washing time, hand washing times, hand washing materials, hand washing range and other knowledge after implementation were 98.89%, 97.77%, 96.67%, 97.22%, 95.55%, higher than those before implementation (82.22%, 83.33%, 78.89%, 78.89%, 77.22%) (P<0.05). The compliance rate of hand washing, accuracy rate of hand washing, hand hygiene qualification rate, patient satisfaction rate after implementation were 95.55%, 97.78%, 98.88%, 97.00%, higher than those before implementation (86.11%, 82.78%, 82.22%, 75.00%) (P<0.05). The detection rate of hand bacterial colony after implementation was lower than that before implementation (1.11% vs.17.78%, P<0.05).
Conclusion
The behavioral change theory can improve the awareness rate of hand hygiene knowledge, improve the compliance of hand-washing and hand-washing hygiene pass rate of medical staff, and helps to prevent the occurrence of iatrogenic infection.
Key words:
Behavior change theory; Medical staff; Hand washing; Hand hygiene knowledge; Pass rate
Hand washing
Washing hands
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Effective hand-washing, including drying to decrease skin surface microbial counts, is recognized as a critical factor in infection control policies. It is also recognized that hand-washing is not always undertaken as it should be. Spending large amounts of time with the hands in water is not enough to control infection as the technique of washing hands is more important than merely the length of time under water. Therefore, ways of promoting hand hygiene must be found, as well as finding ways of ensuring that healthcare workers follow hygiene guidelines.
Hand washing
Washing hands
Cross infection
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<p><strong>Aim<br /></strong> Hand hygiene practice is still burdened by inadequate compliance, whether in the professional sphere by health professionals or in the non-professional sphere by lay population. Aim of this study was to map the hand hygiene knowledge and its compliance in the monitored group of people.<br /><strong> Methods<br /></strong>The research was conducted at the Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin of Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU) among seventy 3 rd year students of General Medicine (medical study program), and Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health (non-medical study programs). Knowledge of hygienic hand washing according to the WHO guidelines from 2009 was investigated, as well as differences in the level of microbial contamination of hands after routine hand washing between the group that had been acquainted with hand hygiene protocols and the group that had not sufficiently. <br /><strong>Results<br /></strong>The results have shown that 32.9% of the students did not perform hygienic hand washing properly. The differences between the groups of students with and without the proper hand hygiene compliance in routine hand washing were not statistically significant. <strong>Conclusion <br /></strong>The results of our survey have suggested that the reasons for decreased compliance with hand washing protocols may be related to forgetting to wash the hands or not being acquainted with hand washing protocols at all. The strategies focused only on one aspect of hand hygiene are, according to scientific literature, ineffective in the long term.</p>
Hand washing
Washing hands
Health Professionals
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Hand washing is the best way to prevent nosocomial infection. I am extremely grateful to Bukhari et al1 for detailed information in Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Duration, region, cleaner, towel, and drier can be determinants of hand hygiene, although the author mentioned the correct method of hand hygiene was not the aim of this study.2 Hand washing is very important for infectious disease prevention inside and outside hospitals. South Korea has the National Hand Washing Movement in cooperation with the Korean Center for Disease Control and Korean Medical Association.3 This organization explains the need for and the right way of hand washing, particularly to children. Website provides games, dance, and quizzes on hand washing, so children can make learning entertaining. If requested small groups can obtain the educational and lecture material available online. Children become used to hand hygiene from early childhood. The relation between early education and adulthood compliance of hand washing has not been investigated, but I think there is a strong correlation. I recommend a national campaign such in South Korea.
Hand washing
Washing hands
Health Professionals
Disease Control
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the hand hygiene and hospital infection to maintain hand hygiene.Methods The discover connections among hand contamination,washing hand and hospital infection as well as improve the measure against the hand contamination.Results The hand of pollution is the main approach to hospital infection,hand washing is the necessary means of maintaining the primary hand hygiene which can be effective in reducing hospital infections,but the clinical implementation of strict hand disinfection is not.Their hands with the help of raising awareness of hand washing,providing the conditions for washing hands,choosing the right time and way to wash your hands,select the appropriate hand disinfectant,hand washing enhance compliance and improve the effectiveness of hand disinfection.Conclusion The hand contamination with the hospitalis closely related to hospital infection so measures should be taken to improve the hand hygiene.
Hand washing
Washing hands
Disinfectant
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