Defective cell mediated immunity in sarcoidosis: effect of interleukin-2.
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Interleukin-2 has been reported to enhance the immune response in diseases characterised by defective cell mediated immunity. The effect of exogenous recombinant interleukin-2 was studied on the proliferative and cytotoxic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 39 patients with sarcoidosis and 14 healthy control subjects. The proliferative response to purified protein derivative was smaller in patients than in control subjects (p less than 0.001) whereas the response to 80 U interleukin-2 alone and to purified protein derivative and interleukin-2 did not differ significantly between the two groups. In addition, in eight patients but no control subjects tritiated thymidine incorporation induced by the combination of purified protein derivative and interleukin-2 was more than twice the sum of that induced by purified protein derivative and interleukin separately. Cytotoxic activity occurring spontaneously and induced by purified protein derivative and interleukin-2 in blood mononuclear cells was significantly less for patients with sarcoidosis than for control subjects (p less than 0.05 spontaneous, less than 0.001 purified protein derivative induced, less than 0.02 interleukin induced). Synergism between antigen and interleukin did not occur with respect to the cytotoxic response in either patients or controls. Defective interleukin-2 production may contribute to, but does not entirely explain, the functional abnormalities of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis.Keywords:
Cellular immunity
Purified protein derivative
Interleukin 1β
Interleukin 15
Interleukin 11
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The effect of isoniazid on interleukin 2 production and interleukin 2-receptor expression by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human T cells was investigated. High concentrations of the drug decreased interleukin 2 production while low doses (10(-5)-10(-6) M) produced a slight increase in interleukin 2 production. Isoniazid did not affect the expression of interleukin 2-receptors on the surface of T cells, except a slight decrease in cells exposed to high levels of the drug.
Receptor expression
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Maximal physical exercise was performed on a Monark bicycle ergometer according to individual schemes. The investigations were carried out on 11 highly trained cyclists, aged 20 +/- 1 years. Heart rate (HR) amounting to about 200 bts/min and oxygen consumption stabilization were considered as criteria for maximal physical exercise. Lymphocyte phenotypes were determined using monoclonal antibodies. A significant increase in Ts (suppressor, cytotoxic) and a moderate increase in Th (helper, inducer) and NK (natural killer) cell numbers were noted 3 min after maximal physical exercise. At the same time, a significant diminution of the Th/Ts ratio was observed. A significant increase of interleukin 1 production and a diminished interleukin 2 production as well as spontaneous interleukin 2 receptor expression (Tac antigen) were observed at the same time. After a 2-h recovery, there was a normalization of most of the parameters investigated. The results suggest that maximal physical exercise in highly trained bicycle racers generates transient changes in immune cell function.
Physical exercise
Bicycle ergometer
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Lactoferrin
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Rhesus macaque
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Interleukin 1β
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Interleukin-2 has been reported to enhance the immune response in diseases characterised by defective cell mediated immunity. The effect of exogenous recombinant interleukin-2 was studied on the proliferative and cytotoxic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 39 patients with sarcoidosis and 14 healthy control subjects. The proliferative response to purified protein derivative was smaller in patients than in control subjects (p less than 0.001) whereas the response to 80 U interleukin-2 alone and to purified protein derivative and interleukin-2 did not differ significantly between the two groups. In addition, in eight patients but no control subjects tritiated thymidine incorporation induced by the combination of purified protein derivative and interleukin-2 was more than twice the sum of that induced by purified protein derivative and interleukin separately. Cytotoxic activity occurring spontaneously and induced by purified protein derivative and interleukin-2 in blood mononuclear cells was significantly less for patients with sarcoidosis than for control subjects (p less than 0.05 spontaneous, less than 0.001 purified protein derivative induced, less than 0.02 interleukin induced). Synergism between antigen and interleukin did not occur with respect to the cytotoxic response in either patients or controls. Defective interleukin-2 production may contribute to, but does not entirely explain, the functional abnormalities of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis.
Cellular immunity
Purified protein derivative
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For exploring cellular immunity disturbances in children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) the level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL- 2R), the expression rate of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) on T cells and percentage of T lymphocyte subsets were determined in peripheral blood of 25 acute cases. The results showed that compared acute stage of RSV associated ALRI with recovery stage and control group, the level of peripheral blood IL-2 and expression rates of IL-2R decreased but the level of sIL-2R increased. The level of IL-2 had positive correlation with IL-2R and percentage of CD4+ cells, but had negative correlation with sIL-2R and percentage of CD8+ cells. The plasma sIL-2R level had negative correlation with expression rate of IL-2R, but had a positive correlation with clinical severity. These results suggested that human body had a functional disturbance in cellular immunity when infected with RSV.
Cellular immunity
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SUMMARY We studied the sera of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) for elevated levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). We also measured IL-2, IL-4 and B cell growth factor (BCGF) activity in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same patients. The finding of elevated serum sIL-2R and IL-2, and the increased levels of IL-2, IL-4 and BCGF activity in culture supernatants indicates that T lymphocyte hyperactivity likely play a major role in PSS. The failure to detect under our experimental conditions a direct proliferative effect of recombinant IL-2 on enriched normal B cells might suggest that IL-4 is the cytokine mainly responsible of the BCGF activity recovered in PSS supernatants.
Interleukin 15
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