Experimental investigation of in-wheel switched reluctance motor driving system for future electric vehicles
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This paper presents an experimental direct driving system with in-wheel switched reluctance motor (SRM) for electrical vehicle (EV). The integrated EV direct driving system includes three main parts: the SRM model, driving circuit and control unit. The proposed 8/6 SRM is a novel motor with high performance; the specified external rotor type fits the requirement of in-wheel EV for saving space. The driving module consists of four independent drivers, is controlled by the micro-controller, DSP. The detailed hardware installment is presented to realize the EV direct driving system, with the block diagram to show the design of the driving system. Control flow of the specified system is introduced to describe the control procedure; various control methods are proposed and studied to verify the performance of SRM and the driving system. Speed control and constant torque/constant power control are implemented with PI control and hysteresis loop control, to test the speed response and reliability of the direct driving system. An experimental direct driving system is developed; the experimental results are obtained to verify the performances of the EV driving system.Keywords:
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Multi-motor wheel independent driving technology is an important direction of electric vehicle(EV). Based on the analysis of the features of existing independent driving system of electric vehicle, a new dual-motor independent driving system configuration was designed. Complete parameters matching and simulation analysis of the system include motor, reducer, and battery. Distributed control network architecture based on high-speed CAN bus was developed, and information scheduling was optimized and real-time predictability was analyzed based on the rate monotonic (RM) algorithm and jitter margin index. The vehicle lateral stability control was achieved based on coordinated electro-hydraulic active braking. Based on the new dual-motor independent driving system, a new battery electric car was designed and tested. The results show that the vehicle has excellent dynamic and economic performance.
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE SWITCH RELUCTANCE MOTOR (SRM) Introduction Background Elementary Operation of the Switch Reluctance Motor Principle of Operation of the Switched Reluctance Motor Derivation of the Relationship Between Inductance and Rotor Position Equivalent Circuit SRM Configurations Linear Switched Reluctance Machines References DERIVATION OF SRM CHARACTERISTICS Introduction Data for Performance Computation Analytic Method for the Computation of Machine Characteristics Computation of Unaligned Inductance Computation of Aligned Inductance Computation of Inductance vs. Rotor Position vs. Excitation Current Comparison of Measured, Analytic and Finite Element Results References DESIGN OF SRM Introduction Derivation of Output Equation Selection of Dimensions Design Verification Operational Limit Selection of Number of Phases Selection of Poles Ratio of Pole-Arc to Pole-Pitch Selection of Pole Base Selection of Pole-Arcs Measurement of Inductance Calculation of Torque Design of Linear Switched Reluctance Machine (LSRM) References CHAPTER 4: CONVERTERS FOR SRM DRIVES Converter Configurations Asymmetric Bridge Converter Asymmetric Converter Variation Single Switch per Phase Converters m Switches and 2m Diodes m Switches and 2m Diodes with Independent Phase Current Control (m+1) Switch and Diode Configurations One Common Switch Configuration Minimum Switch Topology With Variable DC Link Variable DC Link Voltage with Buck Boost Converter Topology 1.5m Switches and Diodes Configuration Comparison of Some Power Converters Two Stage Power Converter Resonant Converter Circuits for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives References CONTROL OF SRM DRIVE Introduction Control Principle Closed Loop Speed Controlled SRM Drive Design of Current Controllers Flux Linkage Controller Torque Control Design of the Speed Controller References MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SRM DRIVE SYSTEM Introduction Modeling Simulation References ACOUSTIC NOISE AND ITS CONTROL IN SRM Introduction Sources of Acoustic Noise in Electrical Machines Noise Sources Noise Mitigation Qualitative Design Measures to Reduce Noise Measurement of Acoustic Noise and Vibrations Future Directions Appendix-1: Derivation of First Mode Frequency of SRM References SENSORLESS OPERATION OF SRM DRIVES Introduction Current Sensing Rotor Position Measurement Methods Rotor Position Estimation References APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS AND APPLICATIONS Introduction Review of SRM Drive Features for Application Consideration Applications Emerging applications References
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Parameters matching methodology of electric vehicle(EV) driving motor was studied.Based on EV performance indexes,the power performance requirements for electric driving system design were analyzed through theoretical derivation and simulation,then peak and continuous power requirements for electric driving system were obtained considering two conditions of road and off-road.Meanwhile driving motor parameter design method was proposed based on extended speed ratio and driving motor parameter matching principle was summarized.The result is meaningful to design EV driving system.
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The electric drive system is one of the key technologies for electric vehicles. First, the energy flow of an electric vehicle is analyzed in the driving, braking, and charging working states. After that, a drive topology that can achieve 3 working states is proposed based on the driving characteristics of a switched reluctance machine. In the driving state, the boost mode of a front-end converter is used to achieve different operating conditions, including low speed with a light load or high speed with a heavy load. In the braking state, the front-end converter is used to implement smooth switching between initial excitation and braking energy feedback. In the charging state, a new power factor correction circuit is proposed, and the motor windings and power converter constitute the onboard charger, whose power factor is correctable. According to the proposed drive topology, the control strategies for 3 working states are put forward. Finally, an experimental platform is built to verify the correctness of the control strategies as well as the flexibility of the whole system.
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Land vehicles need their drivetrain to operate entirely in constant power in order to meet their operational constraints, such as initial acceleration and gradability, with minimum power rating. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is inappropriate for producing this torque-speed profile. Therefore, multiple gear transmission is necessary with the ICE in a vehicle. Some electric machines, if designed and controlled appropriately, are capable of producing an extended constant power range. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capabilities of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) for electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle applications. This investigation is carried out in two steps. The first step involves the machine design and the finite-element analysis to obtain the static characteristic of the motor. In the second step, the finite-element field solutions are used in the development of a nonlinear model to investigate the dynamic performance of the designed motor.
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The INtermittent Control (INC) aims to increase the global efficiency of the Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) and its power converter in an electric vehicle. The applicable zone of the INC covers the medium-low torque zone of the torque-speed plane. In this zone, the INC can increase the global efficiency up to 22 % which corresponds to a loss reduction. However, the SRM in the electric vehicle operates only in certain torque-speed zones which correspond to various driving scenarios. For this reason, the INC is validated with a particular electric vehicle motorized by a traction scaled SRM on the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). The simulation results show that the INC reduces the consumed energy up to 4.6% on the WTLC.
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Traction motor
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This paper presents about design of high performance brushless dc motor (BLDC) control for electric vehicle (EV) which focusing on rear differential of electric car uses electronic control system or well known as electronic differential system (EDs). The advantage of EDs is help to adjust wheel speed while cornering by driving two BLDC motor attached to two rear wheels that two wheel speed is different. This system can accurately control process by monitoring output and feeding some of it back to compare actual output with desired output so as to reduce the error. It is well known as closed loop control system. The speed of BLDC is experimentally measured by a tachometer. The steering angle and speed of EV is calculated by equations derived from Ackemuuui-Jesntsnd model using Arduino. Load simulation using MATLAB Simulink. The experimental results electronic differential using will enhances efficiency of electric vehicle driving system.
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In this era of electrified transportation, switched reluctance motor (SRM) is emerging as a prospective replacement to traditional electric motors especially for large heavy duty vehicles such as the electric bus. This paper proposes the design and analysis of a novel outer rotor in-wheel SRM. The integration of the motor housing inside the wheel rim saves significant space and eliminates the need for additional mechanical parts used in the centralized drive. The developed concept of short flux path configuration in this research manuscript has shown additional important features compared to previous SRM designs and a substantial increase in efficiency is reported. The procedures of deriving the output power equation as a function of the motor dimensions and parameters are explained in detail. Comparative finite element analysis (FEA) has been performed between the developed machine and a commercially available conventional SRM to elicit the merits of the developed machine. The results obtained through FEA investigations show that there is a reduction of torque ripple and a considerable increase in motor efficiency.
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This paper presents a critical review of the drivelines in all-electric vehicles (EVs). The motor topologies that are the best candidates to be used in EVs are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each electric motor type are discussed from a system perspective. A survey of the electric motors used in commercial EVs is presented. The survey shows that car manufacturers are very conservative when it comes to introducing new technologies. Most of the EVs on the market mount a single induction or permanent-magnet (PM) motor with a traditional mechanic driveline with a differential. This paper illustrates that comparisons between the different motors are difficult by the large number of parameters and the lack of a recommended test scheme. The authors propose that a standardized drive cycle be used to test and compare motors.
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Nowadays the uses of electrical power resources are integrated in the modern vehicle motion traction chain so new technologies allow the development of electric vehicles (EV) by means of static converters-related electric motors. All mechanical transmission devices are eliminated and vehicle wheel motion can be controlled by means of power electronics. The proposed propulsing system consists of two induction motors (IM) that ensure the drive of the two back driving wheels. The proposed control structure-called independent machines- for speed control permit the achievement of an electronic differential. The electronic differential system ensures the robust control of the vehicle behavior on the road. It also allows controlling independently, every driving wheel to turn at different speeds in any curve. This paper presents the study and the sliding mode control strategy of the electric vehicle driving wheels.
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