A Transformative Approach to Gender Mainstreaming: Changing the Deep Structure of Organizations
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Mainstreaming: Changing the Deep Structure of Organizations. This article argues that gender mainstreaming will only be successful if a transformative agenda setting process is used through which the institutional cultures of organizations are changed. This implies an engagement with the deep structure of organizations. The deep structure of most organizations is the embedded masculinist values and norms that are normalized so that everyone accepts them. This deep structure is most often resistant to gender transformative change. The article suggests a gendered archaeological investigation as well as the implementation of a transforming gender mainstreaming model through which gender mainstreaming becomes acceptable. The article draws on gender mainstreaming research done with the United Nations Development Programme in South Africa.Keywords:
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Gender Mainstreaming
Dutch development agencies were among the frontrunners and promoters of gender mainstreaming from the mid-1990s. In this article, we reflect on their experiences of mainstreaming gender, and argue that procedural approaches need to be complemented with more substantive approaches. We trace the resourcing of gender mainstreaming policies in Dutch development agencies, and reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used instruments, targets, and gender assessments. Our lessons are based on a collaborative learning programme involving practitioners, policy makers, and academic researchers.
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Abstract This article examines research on gender mainstreaming initiatives, undertaken by a sample of localNGOs in four African countries. This research explores where resistance to gender equality comes fromin some African organisations and communities. It shows that for gender mainstreaming processes tobe effective they need to address the complex realities of people, and be sensitive to the values ofcommunities in their implementation. The more successful gender mainstreaming initiatives haveworked with local people's beliefs and realities, and allowed sufficient time for attitudinal change in bothlocal people and NGO staff.
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<p>Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, women, those who identify as women, and marginalized groups more broadly, have been more severely impacted by the social and economic effects of the public health emergency as the result of pre-existing gender inequities. Gender mainstreaming presents a useful tool for planners to adapt urban planning policies, practices, and decision-making processes to close this gap for more equitable and inclusive cities. This MRP looks to Vienna, Austria as a case study for gender mainstreaming with the goals of first, identifying key concepts and methods for gender mainstreaming in urban design and urban planning practice currently in place within the framework of Toronto, second, identifying to what extent the Toronto budget reflects gender mainstreaming in its allocation of resources, and third, making recommendations regarding potential structures and systems that might be required for successful implementation of gender mainstreaming in the Toronto framework.</p> <p>Key words: Planning, gender mainstreaming in cities, gender budgeting, Vienna, Toronto</p>
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Mainstreaming: Changing the Deep Structure of Organizations. This article argues that gender mainstreaming will only be successful if a transformative agenda setting process is used through which the institutional cultures of organizations are changed. This implies an engagement with the deep structure of organizations. The deep structure of most organizations is the embedded masculinist values and norms that are normalized so that everyone accepts them. This deep structure is most often resistant to gender transformative change. The article suggests a gendered archaeological investigation as well as the implementation of a transforming gender mainstreaming model through which gender mainstreaming becomes acceptable. The article draws on gender mainstreaming research done with the United Nations Development Programme in South Africa.
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Gender Mainstreaming
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The Netherlands and Sweden have both implemented gender mainstreaming practices relatively early, already before the Beijing Declaration of 1995. In the past, both countries were also taking the lead in developing specific gender mainstreaming tools. More recent EIGE-scores on gender mainstreaming across European countries reveal a surprising development. While Sweden is, as expected, scoring far above the EU-average, the Netherlands is surprisingly scoring far below the EU-average. In line with this surprising development and the scientific gap concerning cross-national studies on the implementation of gender mainstreaming the following research question was formulated: “How can the differences in the implementation of gender mainstreaming between the Netherlands and Sweden be explained?” A content analysis was conducted to analyze how the Netherlands and Sweden are implementing gender mainstreaming, what is expected to influence the implementation of gender mainstreaming, and the differences in the implementation of gender mainstreaming between the Netherlands and Sweden. The results indicate that the socio-cultural context and political structures and developments mainly explain the differences between the Netherlands and Sweden when it comes to the implementation of gender mainstreaming.
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Gender mainstreaming emerged in early gender and development work and gained strength following the 1975 Conference on Women in Mexico City. After three decades of gender and development approaches, and a more recent emphasis on gender mainstreaming, Everywhere/Nowhere presents a timely reflection on the challenges and opportunities development agencies have faced as they attempt to translate gender mainstreaming policies into practice. Reports on gender mainstreaming within development agencies tend to concentrate on technical solutions with little attention to the political changes necessary for transforming the mainstream. Technical solutions (such as quantitative information about the number of female staff members hired or the allocation of a certain amount of resources to gender-related activities) are more frequently reported and more easily measured. An emphasis on technical solutions has resulted in limited impact within organizations and minimal changes to gender inequitable relations. Development agencies and their staff members are, however, finding innovative - or subtle - strategies to transform the mainstream through networking, coalition-building, and leadership initiatives. This book examines these approaches and analyses their contributions to gender mainstreaming.
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Abstract Gender is well recognised as a critical consideration for HIV/AIDS organisations. Since the 1990s, HIV/AIDS policy-makers, donors, non-governmental organisations and transnational corporations have adopted gender mainstreaming as the process for integrating gender into development programmes and institutions. There is an increasing body of literature on the successes and challenges of practicing gender mainstreaming within organisational environments, however, little has been said about this practice within HIV/AIDS-specific organisational environments. As a contribution to this gap, this reflective paper aims to generate debate about some of the considerations for gender mainstreaming practice in HIV/AIDS organisations. It draws on the author's experience conducting a gender mainstreaming review with a southern African HIV/AIDS capacity-strengthening organisation, as well as a review of the development literature on gender mainstreaming. The paper looks at three key issues facing gender mainstreaming: (1) donor requirements on disaggregating data by sex; (2) connecting gender mainstreaming with the priorities of community HIV/AIDS organisations; and (3) the role of resistance to gender mainstreaming as neo-colonial. Preliminary understandings of these issues suggest that current approaches to gender mainstreaming may not be flexible enough to consider the multiple ways gender and HIV/AIDS interact in different sociocultural contexts. There is an urgent need for further debate and in-depth research into these issues, given the challenge they pose for HIV/AIDS organisations and donors that have chosen to make gender mainstreaming a criterion for HIV/AIDS funding.
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<p>Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, women, those who identify as women, and marginalized groups more broadly, have been more severely impacted by the social and economic effects of the public health emergency as the result of pre-existing gender inequities. Gender mainstreaming presents a useful tool for planners to adapt urban planning policies, practices, and decision-making processes to close this gap for more equitable and inclusive cities. This MRP looks to Vienna, Austria as a case study for gender mainstreaming with the goals of first, identifying key concepts and methods for gender mainstreaming in urban design and urban planning practice currently in place within the framework of Toronto, second, identifying to what extent the Toronto budget reflects gender mainstreaming in its allocation of resources, and third, making recommendations regarding potential structures and systems that might be required for successful implementation of gender mainstreaming in the Toronto framework.</p> <p>Key words: Planning, gender mainstreaming in cities, gender budgeting, Vienna, Toronto</p>
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In 1996 the European Union formally adopted the equality strategy of gender mainstreaming. This strategy seeks to achieve equality between men and women by integrating a gender perspective into all public policies in order to ensure that the (often different) needs of women and men are taken into account. This dossier examines the impact of gender mainstreaming upon EU policy-making procedures and key EU policies. The discussion is divided into three parts. Part One clarifies the concept of gender mainstreaming, highlighting the theoretical justification for and policy-making implications of this approach. Part Two explains how and why gender mainstreaming came to be adopted by the EU. Part Three evaluates the impact of gender mainstreaming upon the EU policy-making process up to the time of publication.
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