Reversibility of bronchial cell atypia.
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Abstract:
Various degrees of cellular atypia were induced in the bronchial epithelium of dogs by means of repeated submucous 20-methylcholanthrene injections. Thereafter, the 20-methylcholanthrene treatment was stopped, and the outcome of the bronchial cell atypias in individual dogs was studied using cytomorphological and cytochemical methods. The results suggest that the various degrees of 20-methylcholanthrene-induced cellular atypias, including those cytologically interpreted as malignant, may reflect reversible cellular alterations which disappear after removal of the carcinogen. Similar observations were made in a group of cigarette smokers who, after malignant-appearing cells were observed in the sputum material, stopped smoking or significantly reduced their cigarette consumption.Keywords:
Atypia
Methylcholanthrene
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Objective : To identify key cytologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and morphologic differentiation from reactive/reparative respiratory epithelium. Study Design : The cytomorphologic features of 145 pulmonary cytology specimens (sputum and bronchial washing), which included 117 histologically proven adenocarcinomas and 28 non-neoplastic lesions, cytologically diagnosed as atypia and suspicious for malignancy (adenocarcinoma) were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed 11 morphologic criteria in pulmonary cytologic specimens. Results: Over 110 of 117 cases of adenocarcinomas revealed nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cells, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were seen in 102, 99 and 97 cases, respectively. All 28 cases involving non-neoplastic lesions revealed hyperplastic reactive pneumocytes, hyperplastic reactive bronchial epithelium, or degenerating macrophages. The non-neoplastic lesions revealed a small number of atypical cell clusters and paucity or absence of atypical single cells. Conclusion : The most important morphologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma are nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cell, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and increased N/C ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were also helpful features, while pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli were less valuable.
Nuclear atypia
Cytopathology
Atypia
Pleomorphism (cytology)
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The metabolism of 3-methylcholanthrene was investigated by incubating the hydrocarbon with human bone marrow preparations in air for 60 min at 37 degrees C. The major metabolites were identified by HPLC and GC/MS as 1-hydroxy-3-methylcholanthrene, 1-keto-3-methylcholanthrene, and cholanthrene. The results demonstrate that the potent carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene, can undergo biochemical reactions in preparations of human bone marrow, giving rise to the formation of metabolites which are known to be carcinogenic in rats and mice.
Methylcholanthrene
Human bone
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Various degrees of cellular atypia were induced in the bronchial epithelium of dogs by means of repeated submucous 20-methylcholanthrene injections. Thereafter, the 20-methylcholanthrene treatment was stopped, and the outcome of the bronchial cell atypias in individual dogs was studied using cytomorphological and cytochemical methods. The results suggest that the various degrees of 20-methylcholanthrene-induced cellular atypias, including those cytologically interpreted as malignant, may reflect reversible cellular alterations which disappear after removal of the carcinogen. Similar observations were made in a group of cigarette smokers who, after malignant-appearing cells were observed in the sputum material, stopped smoking or significantly reduced their cigarette consumption.
Atypia
Methylcholanthrene
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Radiation-induced cytomorphologic atypia is presented. The cellular changes produced by radiation therapy were studied in cytologic samples from eight patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Pulmonary specimens were obtained from sputum, and washing and brushing examination in patients before and after radiation. In all 48 samples with 213 slides were reviewed by light microscopy. An increased number of metaplastic cells and macrophages, as well as a high leukocyte concentration in post-radiation samples were observed in the majority of the patients. Nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuolization were the most frequent damage observed in the post-radiation group. The alterations of epithelial cells, which are often found in the cervix, were rarely observed in the pulmonary specimens.
Vacuolization
Atypia
Pulmonary cancer
Nuclear atypia
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Microsatellite Instability
Atypia
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Squamous atypia appears as a benign posttracheostomy phenomenon occasionally mistaken for squamous carcinoma. Most often seen are clumps of atypical metaplastic cells with irregular nuclear rims and chromatin that can be either finely dispersed or coarsely clumped. The cytoplasm is thick, and the cytoplasmic membrane is sharply outlined. We describe a case of squamous atypia occurring in a patient 30 years after laryngectomy. The atypia was so extreme that segmental bronchoscopy was performed to search for occult carcinoma. No carcinoma was found, but numerous atypical cells were found in the segmental bronchi sampled by endobronchial brushings. This finding indicates that posttracheostomy atypia can involve respiratory mucosa distant from the tracheal (stump) mucosa. Sputum and bronchoscopic samples received from patients with tracheostomies should be screened with a clear understanding of the morphologically distinct atypia encountered.
Atypia
Nuclear atypia
Cytopathology
Occult
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Abstract A number of derivatives of 3‐methylcholanthrene have been tested for carcinogenic action by injection into C57 black mice. 1‐ and 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylcholanthrene and 3‐methylcholanthrene‐1‐ and 2‐one were active carcinogens, but cis‐1,2‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylcholanthrene showed only weak activity. The hydrocarbon, 3‐methylcholanthrylene (1,2‐dehydro‐3‐methylcholanthrene). was an active carcinogen. 11,12‐Epoxy‐11,12‐dihydro‐3‐methylcholanthrene showed weak carcinogenic activity whereas cis‐11,12‐dihydro‐11,12‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylcholanthrene was inactive.
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The sequence of cellular alterations in the bronchial epithelium of individual dogs was studied by means of combined morphologic and cytochemical techniques during a period of exposure to 20-methylcholanthrene (20-MC) and during a subsequent period without treatment. In agreement with earlier observations, 20-MC was found to induce progressive cellular changes which in four of seven dogs resulted in the occurrence of cells morphologically diagnosed as cancer cells. When the 20-MC treatment was stopped these cellular alterations were found to regress in three of the four dogs. Only in one dog did the advanced cellular atypia persist and cause the death of the animal. The results indicate that cells exhibiting cytomorphologic and cytochemical characteristics of cancer cells may reflect reversible lesions which regress on withdrawal of the carcinogen.
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Abstract Background. A murine model of oral cavity carcinogenesis is needed to study the molecular aspects of malignant transformation. 4‐Nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4NQO), a water‐soluble carcinogen, produces squamous cell carcinoma in rodents. Protocols were designed to investigate the temporal aspects of neoplastic transformation. Methods. 4NQO was applied topically to mouse palates for up to 16 weeks. Mice were observed and killed from 24 to 49 weeks. Results. A spectrum of lesions ranging from atypia to moderately differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was produced. The severity of the lesions corresponded to the duration of treatment and the length of observation. There was no gross or microscopic evidence of an inflammatory reaction to 4NQO. The lesions were focal and normal mucosa predominated in the treated mice. Conclusion. 4NQO reliably produced preneoplastic and malignant oral cavity lesions, which morphologically and histologically mimic human head and neck cancer. Lesions develop long after 4NQO exposure and without an inflammatory response. Thus, the model should be useful for molecular analysis of neoplastic transformation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Malignant Transformation
Neoplastic transformation
Atypia
4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide
Epidermoid carcinoma
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Squamous atypia appears as a benign posttracheostomy phenomenon occasionally mistaken for squamous carcinoma. Most often seen are clumps of atypical metaplastic cells with irregular nuclear rims and chromatin that can be either finely dispersed or coarsely clumped. The cytoplasm is thick, and the cytoplasmic membrane is sharply outlined. We describe a case of squamous atypia occurring in a patient 30 years after laryngectomy. The atypia was so extreme that segmental bronchoscopy was performed to search for occult carcinoma. No carcinoma was found, but numerous atypical cells were found in the segmental bronchi sampled by endobronchial brushings. This finding indicates that posttracheostomy atypia can involve respiratory mucosa distant from the tracheal (stump) mucosa. Sputum and bronchoscopic samples received from patients with tracheostomies should be screened with a clear understanding of the morphologically distinct atypia encountered.
Atypia
Nuclear atypia
Cytopathology
Occult
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Citations (1)