Assembly of recombinant Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid protein into nucleocapsid-like structures is inhibited by the phosphoprotein.
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Abstract:
A recombinant baculovirus expressing the nucleocapsid gene (NP) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of the genus Rubulavirus, has been generated and shown to express the native protein to high levels in insect cells. In contrast to the NP protein of the rubulavirus human parainfluenza virus 2, the NDV protein has been demonstrated by electron microscopy and caesium chloride gradient analysis to be capable of self-assembly in vivo to form nucleocapsid-like structures in the absence of other NDV proteins. These structures, which contained RNA that was resistant to micrococcal nuclease digestion, were also observed when the protein was expressed in E. coli, a phenomenon which was not inhibited by the presence of a 40 amino acid fusion region at the amino terminus of the protein. Further, the formation of these structures was inhibited by the co-expression of the phosphoprotein (P). Therefore, we conclude that the P protein acts as a chaperone, preventing uncontrolled encapsidation of non-viral RNA by NP protein.Keywords:
Phosphoprotein
Newcastle Disease
Mononegavirales
VP40
Micrococcal nuclease
Mononegavirales
VP40
Pneumovirus
Pneumovirinae
RNA virus
Protein primary structure
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Conserved sequence
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Metapneumovirus
Pneumovirinae
Mononegavirales
Pneumovirus
Morbillivirus
Human Parainfluenza Virus
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Citations (8)
Phosphoprotein
Mononegavirales
Sendai virus
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Conserved sequence
Sequence (biology)
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Citations (111)
A recombinant baculovirus expressing the nucleocapsid gene (NP) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of the genus Rubulavirus, has been generated and shown to express the native protein to high levels in insect cells. In contrast to the NP protein of the rubulavirus human parainfluenza virus 2, the NDV protein has been demonstrated by electron microscopy and caesium chloride gradient analysis to be capable of self-assembly in vivo to form nucleocapsid-like structures in the absence of other NDV proteins. These structures, which contained RNA that was resistant to micrococcal nuclease digestion, were also observed when the protein was expressed in E. coli, a phenomenon which was not inhibited by the presence of a 40 amino acid fusion region at the amino terminus of the protein. Further, the formation of these structures was inhibited by the co-expression of the phosphoprotein (P). Therefore, we conclude that the P protein acts as a chaperone, preventing uncontrolled encapsidation of non-viral RNA by NP protein.
Phosphoprotein
Newcastle Disease
Mononegavirales
VP40
Micrococcal nuclease
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Canine distemper
Morbillivirus
Mononegavirales
Rinderpest virus
Hendra Virus
Pneumovirinae
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Citations (0)
The phosphoprotein (P protein) from human respiratory syncytial virus Long strain, labelled in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate, was purified from virions or virus-infected human epithelial (Hep-2) cells. The main phosphorylated amino acid found was serine. The determination of the N-terminal sequence of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated fragments of P protein obtained after chemical or enzymic treatments suggested that some or all of the six serines present at positions 116, 117, 119, 143, 156 and 161 are the major phosphorylated residues, although a modification in serine residues at positions 86, 94 and 99 can not be ruled out.
Phosphoprotein
Pneumovirus
Mononegavirales
Pneumovirinae
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Paramyxoviruses are a family of negative sense RNA viruses whose members cause serious diseases in humans, such as measles virus, mumps virus and respiratory syncytial virus; and in animals, such as Newcastle disease virus and rinderpest virus. Paramyxovirus particles form by assembly of the viral matrix protein, the ribonucleoprotein complex and the surface glycoproteins at the plasma membrane of infected cells and subsequent viral budding. Two major glycoproteins expressed on the viral envelope, the attachment protein and the fusion protein, promote attachment of the virus to host cells and subsequent virus-cell membrane fusion. Incorporation of the surface glycoproteins into infectious progeny particles requires coordinated interplay between the three viral structural components, driven primarily by the matrix protein. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the contributions of the matrix protein and glycoproteins in driving paramyxovirus assembly and budding while focusing on the viral protein interactions underlying this process and the intracellular trafficking pathways for targeting viral components to assembly sites. Differences in the mechanisms of particle production among the different family members will be highlighted throughout.
VP40
Mononegavirales
Budding
Mumps virus
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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an enveloped paramyxovirus. The matrix protein of the virus (M-NDV) has an innate propensity to produce virus-like particles budding from the plasma membrane of the expressing cell without recruiting other viral proteins. The virus predominantly infects the host cell via fusion with the host plasma membrane or, alternatively, can use receptor-mediated endocytic pathways. The question arises as to what are the mechanisms supporting such diversity, especially concerning the assembling and membrane binding properties of the virus protein scaffold under both neutral and acidic pH conditions. Here, we suggest a novel method of M-NDV isolation in physiological ionic strength and employ a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy with complementary structural techniques, and membrane interaction measurements to characterize the solution behavior/structure of the protein as well as its binding to lipid membranes at pH 4.0 and pH 7.0. We demonstrate that the minimal structural unit of the protein in solution is a dimer that spontaneously assembles in a neutral milieu into hollow helical oligomers by repeating the protein tetramers. Acidic pH conditions decrease the protein oligomerization state to the individual dimers, tetramers, and octamers without changing the density of the protein layer and lipid membrane affinity, thus indicating that the endocytic pathway is a possible facilitator of NDV entry into a host cell through enhanced scaffold disintegration.
VP40
Mononegavirales
Newcastle Disease
Pneumovirinae
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VP40
Mononegavirales
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Citations (139)
This study represents the first functional assignment of the connector domain of a Mononegavirales L protein. Furthermore, this study localizes P polymerase cofactor activity to specific amino acids. The functional necessity of this interaction, combined with the uniqueness of L and P proteins to the order Mononegavirales , makes disruption of the P-connector site a potential target for developing antivirals against other negative-strand RNA viruses. Furthermore, the connector domain as an acceptor site for the P protein represents a new understanding of Mononegavirales L protein biology.
Phosphoprotein
Mononegavirales
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Citations (14)