Nitrogen Balance of Men with Marginal Intakes of Protein and Energy
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Nitrogen balance
Protein requirement
A single factorial arrangement of treatments and self-control design was adopted to investigate the protein and the digestible protein requirement with different pretein source diet by nitrogen balance test.20 adult Tibetan mastiffs(2 ages,♂)were chosen in the test.The results showed that the regression equation between nitrogen consumed and nitrogen retained was y1=1.305x1+2.549.The regression equation between nitrogen digested and nitrogen retained was y2=0.977x2+2.306.When x1=0,y1=2.549,that meant one mastiff required 15.931 g protein each day(2.549 g nitrogen each day).When x2=0,y2=2.306,that meant one mastiff require 14.413 g protein each day(2.306 g nitrogen each day).
Nitrogen balance
Protein requirement
Factorial
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Ostertagia ostertagi
Nitrogen balance
Ostertagia
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A dose-response experiment with four dietary copper concentrations (4.17, 8.17, 12.17 and 16.17 mg/kg) was conducted to estimate the growth performance, slaughter performance, nutrient content of fecal and liver copper concentrations of growing Goslings from 28 to 70 d of age. Two hundred healthy male Yangzhou geese with similar body weight were randomized to four groups with five replicates per treatment and ten geese per replicate. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of geese for each pen were measured from 28 to 70 d of age. At 70 d of age, two geese were selected randomly from each pen and slaughtered to evaluate carcass quality. Metabolism experiment was conducted with five male geese from each group (one goose per pen) which body weight was close to the mean weight of the group from 64 to 70 d of age. Significant effects of dietary copper was found on body weight, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, fecal copper concentrations and liver copper concentrations. Body weight, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield showed significant quadratic response to increase dietary copper concentration, while fecal copper concentration and liver copper concentration showed a significant linear response. The result showed that dietary Cu addition can improve growth by increasing the use of the feeding stuff and improving carcass yield in growing Goslings. Furthermore, taking into consideration, the optimal level of Gosling dietary copper was between 8.77 and 11.6 mg/kg from 28 to 70 days of age.
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1. A study was carried out to determine the effects of varying the level of energy intake on nitrogen balance in preschool children receiving the safe requirement level of protein, determined in an earlier study. 2. Seven preschool children received four energy levels, i.e. 293, 334, 376 and 418 kJ/kg body-weight at the safe level of protein intake of 1.75 g/kg body-weight and N balance determined. 3. The N balance decreased with a decrease in energy intake. However, the N balance was positive at all levels of energy intake studied. 4. Results indicated that at a protein intake of 1.75 g/kg body-weight the minimum level of energy intake for a retention of 40 mg N/kg body-weight in these children was found to be 326.2 +/- 45.5 (mean +/- SD) kJ/kg body-weight. Below this energy intake the safe level of protein intake became inadequate.
Nitrogen balance
Protein requirement
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The objective of this experiment was to determine the protein requirements for hen pullets from 1 to 18 weeks of age, by factorial method, using the nitrogen balance and the comparative slaughtering techniques. Protein requirements for maintenance, was obtained by the nitrogen balance technique using four diets with different protein levels (18, 9, 4 and 2% of CP) aiming to obtain positive balance, next to zero and negative nitrogen balance. The endogenous nitrogen losses (0.2575 g of N/kg .75 /day) was obtained by regression of nitrogen balance (NB) on ingestion nitrogen (IN). The requirements of nitrogen for maintenance was estimated by the intercept of axis X (0.3831 g of N/kg .75 /day). The slope of the straight line still supplied the efficiency of N of the diet (67.21%). The regression coefficients of the equation represented the requirements of net nitrogen for weight gain. Considering the conversion efficiencies of nitrogen of the diet into nitrogen for weight gain, the requirements of nitrogen were determined for weight gain of .065, .087g and .090 g of N per gram of weight gain, for the phases 1 to 6, 7 to 12, and 13 to 18 weeks of age, respectively. Based on the results, three equations of prediction of the daily nitrogen requirements were fitted in function of live weight (LW in kg) and daily weight gain (G in g): 1 to 6 weeks N = .3831 x BW .75 + G.065, 7 to 12 weeks N = .3831 x BW .75 + G.087, and 13 to 18 weeks N = .3831 x BW .75 + G.090.
Nitrogen balance
Protein requirement
Net protein utilization
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Nitrogen balance and apparent digestiblity of dietary nitrogen were determined in cockerels subjected to treadmill exercise for 20 days after they had been maintained at slightly positive nitrogen balance and marginal energy equilibrium. The nitrogen balance and apparent digestibility of nitrogen were decreased under the conditions given in the experiment.
Nitrogen balance
Treadmill
Nitrogen Cycle
Dietary protein
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尿中窒素排泄量と経皮窒素損失量, さらにそれらの相互関係に及ぼす運動の影響を検討する際, エネルギー供給条件とともに窒素摂取条件も大きな影響因子であると考えられる。本実験は維持エネルギー供給条件下で窒素摂取レベルを高低の2段階にした場合とさらにエネルギーを付加した場合とについて, 尿中窒素排泄量と経皮窒素損失量および窒素出納値に及ぼす運動の影響を検討した。主要な結果は以下のとおりである。1. 尿中窒素排泄量は低タンパク食期であるLC期とLE期ではLE期が有意に高く (p<0.01), 高タンパク食期であるHC期とHE期では有意な差はなかったがHE期のほうがHC期よりも高い傾向にあった。エネルギー摂取量を高くしたHE2期はHC期, HE1期よりも有意に低かった (p<0.05)。2. 尿中窒素排泄量の経時的変動については低タンパク食期, 高タンパク食期ともに運動負荷期において運動負荷直後に増加し, その後も依然安静対照期よりも高い排泄量を示した。1日量としてみた場合, 運動負荷日が安静対照日よりも高い尿中窒素排泄量を示した。3. 経皮窒素損失量はいずれのタンパク食期においても運動することにより有意に増加した。また, タンパク質摂取レベルの高いほうが経皮窒素損失量は高かった。4. 窒素出納値は低タンパク食期では運動負荷することにより有意に負に傾き (p<0.05), 高タンパク食期ではHC期とHE1期の間にほとんど差がみられなかった。しかし, エネルギー摂取量を高くしたHE2期では窒素出納値はHC期, HE1期に比べ有意に正の方向にあった (p<0.05)。
Nitrogen balance
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Nitrogen balance
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Excretion of total nitrogen with urine and feces was studied and the value of nitrogen balance was calculated in young male volunteers under conditions of complete starvation or receiving protein-free rations of varying energy value. The data obtained were computerized and equations were derived permitting prognosis of the amount of daily excretion of endogenous nitrogen with urine and feces at different time and at any level of energy consumption.
Nitrogen balance
Value (mathematics)
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Nitrogen balance
Coefficient of variation
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