CAMEL evolution and PPS evaluation
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This paper first introduces the Customized Applications for the Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) architecture, then presents the CAMEL evolution and CAMEL prepaid service (PPS). We model the SCP call processing, which performs the CAMEL PPS call handing functions. The simulation results illustrate the call processing capability under various traffic conditions.Modern technology of the on-air broadcasting and cellular communication which provide TV signals transmission to the mobile terminals is discussed in this paper. Great attention is paid to the broadband cellular networks which operate in millimeter range. Their technical and architectural features are described.
Mobile broadband
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Supporting user mobility is an important requirement for wireless mesh networks. We propose a relay-router buffering- and-forwarding scheme for supporting smooth handoff in the infrastructure wireless mesh networks. Our proposal is based on buffering packets at intermediate relay routers in the packets forwarding route and neighboring relay routers working in promiscuous mode which can overhear the packet transmission from neighboring relay routers to APs. With the help of relay routers, the forwarding path of buffered packets is shortened greatly. The relay routers selection is based on multipoint relays of OLSR protocol. Simulation results show that this scheme improves the data availability and results in reducing the packet loss significantly.
Packet forwarding
Shared mesh
Mesh networking
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In a multihop cellular network, the physical layer of mobile terminals is modified so that in addition to being able to transmit to base stations, mobile terminals are able to transmit directly to other mobile terminals. This allows mobile terminals to lower their maximum transmission power and use other terminals as repeaters to forward their packets to the base station. Multihop cellular networks may have a higher capacity than traditional cellular networks due to their potential of lower intercell interference. Intercell interference may be lower because the maximum transmission power of terminals is decreased. The effects of intercell interference in a multihop cellular network is investigated in this paper. Previous simulation results of a one-cell system show that the SNIR of a multihop cellular network is slightly lower than that of a traditional cellular network. However, our simulations of a network with many cells show that the overall SNIR of a multihop cellular network is in fact higher than in a traditional cellular network because of lower intercell interference. Previous simulation results of a one-cell system show that the total energy consumption of a multihop cellular network is lower than that of a traditional cellular network. Our simulations of a multihop cellular network show that the savings in energy consumption are even greater when a network with many cells is considered.
Cellular traffic
Cellular model
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This paper explores enhancements to the MSE (mobile subscriber equipment) mobile services by adding commercial CDMA cellular terminals (based on the IS-95 standard), base stations and mobile telephone switching offices (MTSO). Three alternative architectures for distributed cellular control of IS-95 CDMA were compared in terms of cost and MSE network utilization. The three alternatives are: 1) remoted MTSO; 2) hybrid MTSO; and 3) fully distributed MTSO. Network performance for each of these alternatives was modeled using COMNET III. Each architecture approach was also demonstrated in a laboratory environment.
Cellular radio
Cellular architecture
Cellular traffic
Cellular communication
Mobile telephone
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GSM
Cellular traffic
Cellular radio
Cellular communication
Transport Network
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Why do we exhibit architecture when we are enveloped by it every day? Architecture exhibitions have become increasingly popular and relevant over the last two decades. This is demonstrated by international organizations such as the Venice Architecture Biennale, Chicago Architecture Biennial and Storefront for Art and Architecture. Placing architecture on display, activates the curatorial practise of the convergence between art and architecture. This thesis explores the integration and overlap of artistic expression within architecture and how it informs the function of a space. The notion of curation and its practices will be researched to delve further into how visual and creative practices influence how architects develop, discuss and advocate their work. The final curatorial project will explore how art can be utilized as a catalyst to bridge purely pragmatic physical elements of a structure with artistic forms, seeking to enrich the relationships between the public and the (built) environment.
Bridge (graph theory)
Expression (computer science)
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Heinrich von Geymuller, an architect and a great historian of architecture, once made the remark: “As little as Man lives by bread alone, does Architecture live by construction alone.”2 With these words he opposed a number of notions, the influence of which he considered as fatal for the future of architecture, notions which essentially stem from one and the same ground. The first of them is founded on the obvious advance of technical skill in our age, of which the introduction of steel construction in architecture is perhaps the main feature. It is the conviction that command of the science of construction is all that an architect needs to create architecture, good architecture. The second notion regards the role of architecture in Life. A disillusioned age, our time stresses more and more the purely practical ends of building. Usability has become the paramount criterion of judgment in regard to architecture. These notions filter into the evaluation of the history of architecture in a curious fashion. G...
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In the past few years, the cellular telecommunication world advanced with new promised underlying technologies that enable robust communication networks with cellular communication-based approaches. Techniques such as the 4G/LTE and beyond could foster the development of the autonomous vehicle industry, and vehicular communication applications could also provide significant reliability in realistic road situations. The fourth-generation (4G) of mobile cellular telecommunication systems can be applied in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) environments in terms of providing intelligent traffic solutions with an enhancement of the performance of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication and known as Cellular V2X (C-V2X). To highlight the efforts of 4G/LTE-based cellular communication in V2X technology evolution, this paper presents a comprehensive survey about the simulation evaluation papers of 4G/LTE technology in C-V2X or hybrid V2X communications.
Cellular communication
Cellular radio
Vehicular communication systems
Cellular traffic
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William Hodges pointed out Grecian Architecture was not the most excellent architecture, in his "Dissertation." He gave his opinion that the first habitations had been brought to an architectural perfection while they had been influenced by the climate, the pursuits, the habits and the materials. He supposed the architectures had originated from the Hut (or Tent), or the Caverns. He thought the forces of Nature had formed the types of Architecture in the Caverns. There was an aesthetic element in his opinion. He thought Grecian, Roman, Chinese Architecture had originated from the Hut or the Tent. He thought Egyptian, Hindoo, Moorish and Gothic Architecture had originated from the Caverns, and these architectures had been brought to an equal perfection with Grecian Architecture. In his opinioin about Indian Architecture, there was the near idea of the theory of architectural origin.
Perfection
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In this paper, we present the positioning schemes for the LTE small-cell mobile networks. Along with the development of next generation mobile communication network, the application of small-cell has become an important issue in cellular mobile networks. The accuracy of target positioning and location can be improved efficiently through small-cell mobile network. We use the observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning scheme to build cellular base station networks based on the Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communication network. The effects of geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) for OTDOA positioning and target tracking performance by using Kalman filtering were investigated. Computer simulation results of two different layouts of eNodeBs, staggered and non-staggered layout methods were included in our work.
Dilution of precision
Tracking (education)
Hybrid positioning system
Small cell
Cellular radio
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