Degradation of hazardous organic compounds by rhizosphere microbial communities

Biodegradation or biological degradation is the rate of biological conversion of organic and inorganic compounds by living organisms, particularly the microorganisms. It involves conversion of complex compounds to simple non-toxic which acts as nutrients to microorganism, degrades organic compounds by secreting biosurfactants. Biotransformation is a process made by an organism to modify any chemical compound which ends with mineral compounds like H2O, CO2, NH4+, etc. It is also referred as mineralization. It is used for partial biodegradation of organic complexes involving few reactions. Bioremediation is a process of utilizing microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. toxic wastes, hydrocarbons, etc. The removal of organic wastes by microbes for environmental clean-up is the basic principle of bioremediation. Other terminology used for bioremediation is biotreatment, bio-reclamation and bio-restoration.

Biotransformation

Degradation

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Microbial Degradation of 2‐Methylisoborneol in Forest Soil**

Chemistry & Biodiversity (2021)

Laura Drummond Christian von Wallbrunn Markus Buchhaupt

Abstract Microorganisms use a complex array of chemical compounds to interact with their surroundings. They produce and process different molecules in response to changes in the environment or in their metabolism. One of the most well‐known volatile organic compounds produced by microorganisms is the C11‐terpenoid 2‐methylisoborneol (2‐MIB), which has received attention because of the off‐flavor it confers to fresh and reservoir water as well as to cultured fish. Cleaning water supplies of the off‐flavor 2‐MIB has been of interest for the scientific community for years, with the use of techniques that are either expensive, e. g., activated carbon, or create toxic byproducts, e. g., ozonation. In the present study, soil samples from nature were collected from a forest and the volatile organic compounds produced by microbes were extracted and analyzed with focus on non‐canonical terpenoid structures. HS‐SPME‐GC/MS analysis of soil samples revealed 1‐methylcamphene (1‐MC), 2‐methylenebornane (2‐MB) and 2‐MIB as C11‐terpenoids. Due to the high 1‐MC/2‐MIB ratio compared to previous reports, it was hypothesized that microbial degradation of 2‐MIB was in place. Addition of synthetic 2‐MIB to biologically active soil revealed complete degradation of the pollutant to 2‐MB, 1‐MC and 2‐methyl‐2‐bornene (2‐M2B). The results suggest the potential of using respective natural microorganisms for biodegradation of 2‐MIB, with applications in water treatment, fishery and soil ecology.

Degradation

Biotransformation

10.1002/cbdv.202100734

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Modeling the fate of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere

Sathishkumar Santharam Larry E. Erickson Liangdong Fan

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major contaminants associated with wastes from manufactured gas plants, wood treating operations, and petroleum refining; they are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. It has been known that vegetation can enhance the rate and extent of degradation of PAHs in contaminated soil. Plant roots release exudates capable of supplying carbon and energy to microflora for degrading PAHs. It has also been well established that the population of microorganisms in the rhizosphere is significantly greater than that in the non-vegetated soil; these microorganisms are apparently responsible for the enhanced biodegradation of PAHs. A model has been derived for describing the rate of disappearance of a non-aqueous phase contaminant in the rhizosphere, which takes into account dissolution, adsorption, desorption and biodegradation of the contaminant, without neglecting the size distribution of the organic-phase droplets; the rate of biodegradation is expressed in terms of the Monod kinetics. The model is validated with the available experimental data for pyrene.

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Microbial processing of autochthonous organic matter controls the biodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol in lake sediments under anoxic conditions

Environmental Pollution (2021)

Leilei Bai Xin Liu Ke Hua Linqi Tian Changhui Wang

Microcosm

Biostimulation

Xenobiotic

10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118760

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