The use of Composts and Compost Extracts in Plant Disease Control
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definitions of composts, composting, compost extracts and compost teas Production of composts and compost extracts/teas History of the use of composts and compost extracts in crop production Current use of composts and compost extracts/teas in crop production Crop and soil health Effects of composts on plant disease Effects of compost extracts/teas on plant disease Mechanisms involved in the suppression/control of plant disease using composts and compost extracts/teas Conclusions and future work ReferencesKeywords:
Plant disease
Disease Control
Aiming at full use of solid offal from agriculture,we designed a high temperature compost system choosing chicken manure and corn straw as raw materials and packing materials.The maturity parameters and index were studied using physical analytical method,chemical analytical method and spectrum analytical method.The results showed that temperature was the most immediate parameter characterizing the maturity degree of high temperature compost;Along with the process of compost,C/N and NH~+_4N content of pile body showed a downward tendency,while HA/FA showed a upward tendency.Both of these parameters could reflect the maturity degree of high temperature compost well,thus both of them could be used as the index to reflect the extent of compost decomposition.The visible spectrum,infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of humic acid in compost were an important reference to the structure change of organic matter and determination of maturity degree of compost.In the process of compost,the maturity index of compost correlated to the change regularity of germination rate of seed to some extent.
Chicken manure
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The use of agricultural waste is of great interest to sustainable agriculture. An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of compost and compost tea made from agricultural waste rice straw on the yield and quality of two horticultural crops strawberry and tomato. In strawberry experiment, six treatments were considered which wereT1: 100% soil (as a control), T2: 80% soil + 20% compost, T3: 60% soil + 40% compost, T4: 40% soil + 60% compost, T5: 20% soil + 80% compost & T6: 100% compost. Results revealed that number of fruit, fruit yield and total sugar (%)was increased with the increasing level of compost up to 80% after that decreased at 100% compost. The treatment T5: 20% soil + 80% compost gave the best results among the treatments to grow strawberry with good yield (185.3 g/plant) and sweetness (total sugar 5.19%). On the other hand, six treatments i.e. T1: Control, T2: Compost (5 t/ha), T3: Compost tea (50% concentration), T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% concentration), T5: Compost tea (100% concentration) and T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% concentration) were considered in tomato experiment. As a result, it was observed that combined application of compost (5 t/ha) along with compost tea (100% conc.) (T6) gave the highest yield of tomato than not only control (T1) but also single application of compost or compost tea (T2, T3, T4&T5). Level of compost tea concentration also showed significant effect on fruit yield of tomato. Comparing between treatment T4 and T6, fruit yield was found higher (1027.67 g/plant) in treatment T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% conc.) than 961.3 g/plant in T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% conc.). So, it could be summarized that use of rice straw as compost and compost tea affects positively both in two experiments. The results of this study confirm the beneficial effects of compost to increase the yield and sweetness of strawberry and combination of compost and compost tea to increase the yield of tomato.
Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 335-343, 2019
Green waste
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definitions of composts, composting, compost extracts and compost teas Production of composts and compost extracts/teas History of the use of composts and compost extracts in crop production Current use of composts and compost extracts/teas in crop production Crop and soil health Effects of composts on plant disease Effects of compost extracts/teas on plant disease Mechanisms involved in the suppression/control of plant disease using composts and compost extracts/teas Conclusions and future work References
Plant disease
Disease Control
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Composting has become a preferable option to treat organic wastes to obtain a final stable sanitized product that can be used as an organic amendment. From home composting to big municipal waste treatment plants, composting is one of the few technologies that can be practically implemented at any scale. This review explores some of the essential issues in the field of composting/compost research: on one hand, the main parameters related to composting performance are compiled, with especial emphasis on the maturity and stability of compost; on the other hand, the main rules of applying compost on crops and other applications are explored in detail, including all the effects that compost can have on agricultural land. Especial attention is paid to aspects such as the improvement of the fertility of soils once compost is applied, the suppressor effect of compost and some negative experiences of massive compost application.
Amendment
Green waste
Biodegradable waste
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Compost is used in agriculture as a fertiliser or to improve the physical structure of the soil. In addition, compost amended soil has been found to be suppressive against plant diseases caused by nematodes, bacteria, or soil-borne fungi in various cropping systems (Hoitink and Fahy, 1986; Ringer, 1998). However, the opposite, an increase of disease incidence due to a compost application, has also been demonstrated (Tuitert et al., 1998). Several reasons for these inconsistent results can be given. There are many types of compost, i.e. they differ in composition of organic materials and in maturity. In addition, the method and time of the compost application is important for the final effect in the field. Application of organic material just before planting the crop can even stimulate pathogens. Up to now, it is still difficult to predict the beneficial effect of compost products in plant pathosystems. To understand the influence of compost applications on soil suppressiveness, the microflora in soil before and after compost application has to be studied in more detail.
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Abstract Compost is natural fertilizer, which is organic matter that been decomposed in a process called composting. The end of result composting is an accumulation of partially decayed organic matter called humus. In this study, type of compost that have been chosen are Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) compost, Goat Dung (GD) compost, Food Waste (FW) compost, compost using bio-decomposer (FWB), and vermicompost (VC). This study aim to identify the stability and maturity of compost that been collected and to identify the quality of compost by using Compost Quality Index (CQI). Study revealed that comparable values obtained in terms of physical properties, chemical properties, stability, maturity and phytotoxicity status. Based on this study, it reveal that EFB and FWB and stable compost while FW and VC are in matured compost. However, FWB showed better results in terms of microbial population, the highest of the values obtained for the other types of compost studied and the germination index value of this compost was higher than the other types of compost. Therefore, it can conclude that using the bio-decomposer can give more quality for compost.
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Decomposer
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