Avian conservation in the Prairie Pothole Region, Northern Great Plains-Understanding the links between climate, ecosystem processes, wetland management, and bird communities
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There is concern about the future status of migratory bird populations dependent on wetland and riparian habitats across North America during migration and breeding seasons. Since 1900, a majority of wetlands across the Great Plains have disappeared or deteriorated due to agricultural development, water diversion, and other land use changes. These wetland ecosystems are also highly vulnerable to predicted changes in temperatures and precipitation across North America. Wetlands in the northern Great Plains provide important resources to many species of breeding wetland-dependent birds, including waterfowl, shorebirds, marsh dwelling birds, and songbirds. For several migrating species that stop only briefly during their long-distance migrations between South American wintering grounds and arctic breeding sites, the presence of critical resources can determine the season’s breeding success or survival rates.Keywords:
Pothole (geology)
Wildlife management agencies increasingly use economic analyses to improve the efficiency of their management policies. Few economic studies consider supply-side analyses for wildlife management, due, in part, to a lack of biological response data that capture the full range of management strategies and the influence of landscape characteristics. This paper uses a simulation model to generate biological response functions, which are then embedded within an economic model to determine least cost management strategies. The procedure is applied to waterfowl management in the Prairie Pothole Region of the northern Great Plains. Results highlight management inefficiencies that result from oversimplified response functions that do not account for non-linear relationships or spatial heterogeneity. Results also indicate that intensive management activities, which are generally compatible with agricultural land use, are a cost effective means of achieving waterfowl population objectives. This has important implications for the tradeoff between agricultural and waterfowl production in the Prairie Pothole Region.
Pothole (geology)
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This paper aims at proposing a versatile Pothole Detection System which assists the driver in avoiding potholes on the roads, by giving prior warnings. The basic idea of this system is to detect the pothole at a distance from which driver is driving the vehicle, to alert the driver if pothole is arriving in the way to reduce the speed of the vehicle or take another path. This paper presents a detailed description of the system based on image processing developed to process and analyze the dataset captured using the camera mounted on the car that gives high efficiency and accuracy compared to the conventional methods of pothole detection.
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Pothole (geology)
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Pothole (geology)
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Potholes are the major cause of road accidents. Potholes can cause different type of damages to the vehicles such as flat tire, damage to the wheel and can also cause impact on the body and interior of the vehicle which can cause major injuries to the person. Therefore, proper detection of the potholes is very important task and also proper planning should be done in order to improve the roads condition and for the repairing of the potholes by the road management system. Several plans have been made for the development of a technique which can automatically detect the pothole. In this paper, we will discuss about some of the technology which have been used for the detection of pothole and will propose a pothole detecting technique which can accurately detect and recognize the pothole.
Pothole (geology)
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Based on the remote sensing data(TM,ETM+,CBERS) during the flood period (1975-2007),the transfer matrix of wetland types were extracted using RS and GIS software,and the spatial and temporal change of marsh wetlands and its driving forces were analyzed from 1975 to 2007 by using barycenter transfer model. The results showed that:From 1975 to 2007,the area percent of Raoyanghe marsh wetlands decreased from 1.908% to 0.068%,which resulted in the converting of marsh into rice paddy field and bare land. Barycenter of Raoyanghe marsh wetlands had moved 1.58 km towards northeast from 1975 to 1988,and 3.21 km towards southwest from 1988 to 2007. Barycenter of Raoyanghe marsh wetlands had moved 2.36 km towards southwest from 1975 to 2007. The distance between barycenter of Raoyanghe marsh wetlands and river decreased by 1.79 km. Spatial and temporal change of rice paddy field is the immediate driving force. The marsh wetlands area has a significant negative correlation relation with the burying depth of groundwater and economy activities,while has a significant positive correlation relation with river area. In one word,human activities are the main driving forces of spatial and temporal change of Raoyanghe marsh wetlands.
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Pothole (geology)
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Potholes are one type of pavement surface distresses whose assessment is essential for developing road network maintenance strategies. Existing methods for automatic pothole detection either rely on expensive and high‐maintenance equipment or could not segment the pothole accurately. In this paper, an asphalt pavement pothole detection and segmentation method based on energy field is put forward. The proposed method mainly includes two processes. Firstly, the wavelet energy field of the pavement image is constructed to detect the pothole by morphological processing and geometric criterions. Secondly, the detected pothole is segmented by Markov random field model and the pothole edge is extracted accurately. This methodology has been implemented in a MATLAB prototype, trained, and tested on 120 pavement images. The results show that it can effectively distinguish potholes from cracks, patches, greasy dirt, shadows, and manhole covers and accurately segment the pothole. For pothole detection, the method reaches an overall accuracy of 86.7%, with 83.3% precision and 87.5% recall. For pothole segmentation, the overlap degree between the extracted pothole region and the original pothole region is mostly more than 85%, which accounts for 88.6% of the total detected pavement pothole images.
Pothole (geology)
Road surface
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Wildlife management agencies increasingly use economic analyses to improve the efficiency of their management policies. Few economic studies consider supply-side analyses for wildlife management, due, in part, to a lack of biological response data that capture the full range of management strategies and the influence of landscape characteristics. This paper uses a simulation model to generate biological response functions, which are then embedded within an economic model to determine least cost management strategies. The procedure is applied to waterfowl management in the Prairie Pothole Region of the northern Great Plains. Results highlight management inefficiencies that result from oversimplified response functions that do not account for non-linear relationships or spatial heterogeneity. Results also indicate that intensive management activities, which are generally compatible with agricultural land use, are a cost effective means of achieving waterfowl population objectives. This has important implications for the tradeoff between agricultural and waterfowl production in the Prairie Pothole Region.
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According to the analysis of the re-destroying causes of the repaired pothole,the paper provides the method of treating pothole joint sealing water utilized the road sealant instead of modified emulsified asphalt,studies on improving the pothole repairing quality,gets obvious effect on aspect of improving pothole repairing quality,solving the problem of re-destroying of the repaired pothole resulted from failure sealing water.
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