DETERMINING CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND CHLORITE
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Chlorine dioxide is being increasingly used as a water disinfectant. Residual chlorine dioxide may, however, be accompanied by traces of chlorite, which carries a possible health hazard. The method presented determines both forms, and also provides for the separate determination of any associated free chlorine and chloramines.Keywords:
Disinfectant
Chlorine dioxide is being increasingly used as a water disinfectant. Residual chlorine dioxide may, however, be accompanied by traces of chlorite, which carries a possible health hazard. The method presented determines both forms, and also provides for the separate determination of any associated free chlorine and chloramines.
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Objective:To understand the bactericidal performance of chlorine dioxide disinfectants. Methods:Suspension quantitative germicidal test and simulated field identification test were involved in this study. Results:Escherichia coli in suspension and poison cucumber were killed by disinfectant solution including 100 mg/L chlorine dioxide in 5 min and 15 min respectively,with killing log value all above 3. 00. Conclusion:The chlorine dioxide disinfectant had good effectiveness of killing,so it can be applied to disinfection of vegetables and fruits.
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Chlorine dioxide is increasingly employed as disinfectant for animals due to its properties of powerful,rapid and efficient killing the bacterial and virus.In this paper,current analytical methods of detecting chlorine dioxide are introduced and the advantages and disadvantages are reviewed.
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Chlorate
Sodium chlorate
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The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously increased the production and sales of disinfectants. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the efficacy and safety of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. The literature relating to the use of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant was systematically reviewed in January 2021 using databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the use of chlorine dioxide to assess the efficacy, safety, and impact of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. Out of the 33 included studies, 14 studies focused on the disinfectant efficacy of chlorine dioxide, 8 studies expounded on the safety and toxicity in humans and animals, and 15 studies discussed the impact, such as water treatment disinfection using chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide is a safe and effective disinfectant, even at concentrations as low as 20 to 30 mg/L. Moreover, the efficacy of chlorine dioxide is mostly independent of pH. Chlorine dioxide can be effectively used to disinfect drinking water without much alteration of palatability and can also be used to destroy pathogenic microbes, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi from vegetables and fruits. Our review confirms that chlorine dioxide is effective against the resistant
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OBJECTIVE To observe the disinfectant effect of chlorine dioxide reactor in drinking water and its influencing factors.METHODS The quantitative suspension method,the membrane filter method were used to detect disinfectant effect against e.coli in 30 min by the chlorine dioxide reactor.RESULTS When chlorine dioxide content was 0.3 mg /L,e.coli decreased to 0 cfu /100 ml in 30min in artificial water;For natural water in 30m in,it also decreased to 0 cfu /100 ml,and the bacterial colony,coli groups and fecal coli groups were in line with(GB /T5750.12-2006) Standard Microbiology Indicators of Living and Drinking Water;pH of 5.0-9.0,and temperature of 10℃-30℃ had no influence on the results.CONCLUSION Low concentrations of chlorine dioxide in the water have good disinfectant effect against e.coli and are not influenced by pH and temperature.
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Experiments were conducted by using raw water from a reservoir of south China to study consumption of chlorine dioxide and formation of chlorite.The results show that chlorine dioxide decays quickly in the beginning in samples,then the consumption is constant in first order-model.39.7%～57.9% and 48.0%～70.0% of chlorine dioxide consumption are converted into chlorite by means of the combinations of chlorine dioxide and chlorine,and pure chlorine dioxide,respectively.And the amount of chlorite formation is lower as micro-polluted raw water is treated by the comlinations.
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The disinfactant of stability chlorine dioxide was used liquid two-kind-menthod bagged, and it was stable when itstored for a long time.After activated the microorganisms were killed completely when they were exposed to the disinfectant containing chlorine dioxide 50mg/L. for 10 minutes. and the bactera spores were killed thoroughly 400mg/L for 5 minutes. The antigemcity of HBsAg could be destroyed effectively when the disinfectant containing chlorine dioxide 300mg/L with 5 minutes contact time. There was no significant influence on germicidal efficacy of this chlorine disinfectant when 10% calf serum existed. This disinfectant was nontoxicity and non-irritant to human, but had a somewhat corrosion to the metal.
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As the better disinfectant chlorine dioxide has been applied to disinfect water widely and it will be used more and more.But up to now,the health effect induced by chlorine dioxide and its disinfection by-products has been suspected.The formation,toxicity and control methods of the chlorine dioxide water disinfection by-products are introduced in this paper.In general,chlorine dioxide is becoming an acceptable water disinfectant with its research progress.
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Water disinfection
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Although chlorine dioxide does not form trihalomethanes (THM) and produces very few non-volatile haloorganic materials in drinking water, intensive investigations bearing on the formation of chlorite by ClO2 disinfection reveal that the rate of chlorite formation reflects the rate of ClO2 consumption and as long as the amount of ClO2 applied is behind its demand, about 60% of the chlorine dioxide consumed is converted into chlorite. Mixtures of Cl2 and ClO2, which may successfully reduce the formation of haloorganic compounds, as well as of chlorite in the absence of bromide, fail to do this where water rich in bromide is concerned. As a result of bromide oxidation by chlorine, bromine is formed, which in turn reacts more intensively with organics than does chlorine and thus favours the formation of THM and other halogenated organic materials. This problem can, however, be circumvented if ClO2 is allowed to react in water with the organic precursors before chlorine is introduced. A pre-treatment with 1 ppm of ClO2 two hours before the application of 2 ppm Cl2, was found to reduce the formation of THM by 60% relative to its formation by chlorine alone, and the chlorite is reduced in this case by up to 90% relative to its formation by chlorine dioxide alone. This is of particular importance since it can solve some of the major problems bearing on the impact of disinfection upon the formation of undesirable by-products.
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