GC/MS analysis of bioactive components of Dracocephalum moldavica L., treated by boric acid doses.
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Abstract:
In this study, carried out to determine effect of boric acid treatments on essential oil compositions in moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), plants were transplanted to experimental area of Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture of Ankara University with four replicates after rooting. Boric acid concentrations (0, 3, 6 ve 9 kg ha -1 ) were applied as aqueous foliar spray at before flowering stage and plants were harvested at full flowering stage The essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation using clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. According to results, 14 components were determined in herbs of Dracocephalum moldavica and linalol, z-citral, geraniol, citral, nerol and geranyl acetate were major components. The chemical composition of essential oil did not change due to the boric acid level; rather the percentages of main constituents were affected, slightly. While, the highest level of geranyl acetate (43.6%) was obtained at 6 kg ha -1 . both citral (27.6%) and z-citral (20.2%) the highest percentage was documented at 9 kg ha -1 . Other minor components showed different concentrations depending on level of fertilizer used.Keywords:
Citral
Geranyl acetate
Boric acid
Nerol
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The chemical constituents of blueberry seed oil was analyzed by GC-MS to determine its active components.A total of 34constituents were isolated and identified.The principal constituents and contents in the volatiles were Menthyl isovalerate(30.06%),9,12-Octadecadien-1-ol(11.82%),Z-7-Tetradecenal(9.77%),gamma-Sitosterol(6.04%),beta-Sitosterol(4.74%),phenylethyl alcohol(4.72%),Z-(13,14-Epoxy)tetradec-11-en-1-ol acetate(4.30%),retinal(4.07%),l-(+)-Ascorbic acid,6-dihexadecanoate(3.93%),9,12-octadecadienoic acid,ethyl ester(3.10%),1,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaen-3-ol(3.00%).All the principal constituents were good additives.
Isovalerate
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Abstract The essential oils obtained from the fresh leaves and flowers of Borago officinalis collected in the region of Amdoun (northwestern Tunisia) were examined by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified. The oil yields expressed on a dry weight basis were 0.14% and 0.24% for the leaves and flowers, respectively. The main compound determined in flower and leaf oil was (E,E)-2,4-decadienal with 43.4% and 26.9% in the leaf and flower oils, respectively. The oils from the two organs showed the predominance of the aldehyde class which constituted 61.2% and 61.9% in the leaf and flower oils, respectively. Other classes present in important percentages in the two organs were alcohols (22.4%) in the leaf oil and phenols (13.2%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (12.2%) in the flower oil. Key Word Index: Borago officinalis Boraginaceaeessential oil composition(E,E)-2,4-decadienal(Z)-3-hexenol
Monoterpene
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The essential oil from different parts of Datura metel L. were extracted using hydrodistillation and GC-MS was used to analyse the essential oil. The main components of flowers were ketone (23.61%) and ethyl palmitate (15.84%). The main components of leaves were ketone (18.84%) and phytol (18.71%). Ketone (39.45%) and phytol (31.32%) were the major components of petioles. Palmitic acid (30.60%) and ethyl linoleate (21.56%) were the major components of seeds. The major ingredient of roots was palmitic acid (52.61%). The main ingredients of the stems were palmitic acid (38.38%) and ethyl linoleate (17.38%). All the different parts of essential oil were screened for cytotoxicity. The roots and stems showed the inhibitory effects against HepG-2 with IC50 levels of 613.88 and 341.12 mg/L. The leaves and roots showed the inhibitory effects against HeLa with IC50 levels of 267.76 and 348.35 mg/L. All the six parts have inhibitory effects against SGC-7901 cell lines.
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Abstract The effect of 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) on herb yield, content and composition of essential oil of Tagetes minuta was studied in Tehran, Iran. Application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the herb yield, content and percentages of constituents of essential oil of T. minuta. The largest fresh and dry herb yields (70 and 29 t/ha, respectively) and the highest essential oil content (1.16%) were obtained from the plots that received 200 kg N/ha. GC and GC-MS analyses of the essential oil showed that different levels of nitrogen had significant effect on the essential oil constituents of T. minuta. The major components of the essential oil were: p-cymene (4.1–5.0%), limonene (7.5–9.3%), dihydrotagetone (42.5–57.1%), (E)-tagetone (2.3–9.2%), (Z)-tagetone (14.9–17.9%), (Z)-ocimenone (0.8–4.6%) and (E)-ocimenone (2.0–5.1%). Key word index: Tagetes minutanitrogen applicationherb yieldessential oil compositiondihydrotagetone
Tagetes
Nitrogen fertilizer
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Abstract Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) essential oil content (percentage, g/plant and kg/feddan) were effected by presowing low temperature; treatment at 5°C for 7 days caused the most pronounced increase in the essential oil content at all stages of flowering (0.25 to 0.19 %) in comparison with the control (0.2 to 0.15 %). The highest content of essential oil was obtained from the flower heads at the full flowering stage in both seasons. The main chemical constituents of Calendula essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. The highest value of α-Cadinol (64.4 %) was obtained from the treatment of 7°C for 7 days in comparison with the control (32.01 %). The Calendula officinalis L. essential oil has characteristic flavor, due to the presence of many components with strongly sensory properties at low threshold such as α-cadinol (64.4 %) or cadinene (17.7 %) and thus could be suitable for using as a flavoring agent in the medical and food industries.
Calendula officinalis
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The essential oil composition of five elite Cymbopogon varieties (OD-19, Pragati, RRL-16, NLG-84) and a hybrid (CPK-25) and four new selections (LS-1 to LS-4) were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil yield ranged from 0.31% to 1.0% with CPK-25 (1.0%) and LS-2 (0.95%) containing the highest. A total of 66 compounds, constituting 84.6–94.3% of the oils, were identified. The main compounds were geranial (29.9–41.6%), neral (25.8–32.5%), citronellol (0.3–12.8%), geranyl acetate (1.2–8.4%), and geraniol (1.8–8.2%). Of the cultivars, OD-19 (74.1%) had the highest and LS-3 (55.7%) contained the lowest amount of total citral. CKP-25 and LS-2 contained the highest amounts of oil (1.0% and 0.95%) with similar (67.9% and 68.3%) total citral concentrations. Essential oil yield in the CPK-25 cultivar was similar. LS-2, a new cultivar, had higher essential oil yield (0.95%) in the region, compared to the commercial cultivars Caveri (0.8%), OD-19 (0.7%), Pragati (0.7%), and Parman (0.8%) of Cymbopogon flexuosus.
Citronellol
Citral
Citronellal
Geranyl acetate
Cymbopogon citratus
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This article used steam distillation to extract the leaves' essential oil of Myrtus communis L. grown in Shanghai, the compositions of essential oil was analysed by GC and GC-MS. And further more, it had made the contrastive analysis of the essential oil's compositions and content in different vegetal periods, as well as in the dry and fresh leaves. The result indicated that: the essential oil was identified 36 kinds of matters, including 14 terpenes, 9 esters, 7 mellows, 3 terpene oxides, 1 aldehyde?ketone and hydroxybenzene respectively. The content of essential oil was little higher at the beginning of the florescence (2.5 mL·kg-1) than in the fructification period (2.3 mL·kg-1). In the fructification period, the content of essential oil was less in dry leaves (2.17 mL·kg-1) than in the fresh ones. The compositions of essential oil had no large change under the both conditions expect the content. The major compositions of fresh leaves at the beginning of the florescence were Myrtenyl acetate (36.93%)?Linalool (14.80%)?1,8-Cineole (15.80%)?α-pinene (12.64%) and Myrtenol (5.54%); The ones of fresh leaves in the fructification period were Myrtenyl acetate (31.83%), Linalool(21.48%), 1,8-Cineole (15.39%), α-pinene (10.32%) and Myrtenol (4.69%); The ones of dry leaves in the fructification period were Myrtenyl acetate (35.34%), Linalool (18.48%), 1,8-Cineole(15.86%), α-pinene,(10.64%) and Myrtenol,(4.47%).
Fructification
Myrtus communis
Terpene
Dry weight
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This study was to investigate the response of Anethumgraveolens L. plants to the nitrogen fertilizer (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80kg N/fed.) with or without bio-fertilizers (at 2kg/fed.) on the flavonoids content and essential oil as well as its chemical constituents during the vegetative stage (90 days after sowing). The recorded results showed that in the two seasons, treatment of 60kgN/fed. with or without bio-fertilizers gave the best values of volatile oil percentage and oil yield in the herb, Also, the most effective fertilization treatment on flavonoids content was 40 or 60 Kg N/fed., with bio-fertilizers. In the essential oil constituents of dill herb, all treatments showed α-phellandrene (42.44 to 66.39%)as the major compound followed by pcymene(11.97to 18.39%) and limonene(1.42 to 14.25%)then β-phellandrene (7.67 to 11.18%).
Anethum graveolens
Nitrogen fertilizer
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The essential oil (EO) content and composition of Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) were studied under foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and orthophosphoric acid (P). Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of EOs from the plant. Different concentrations of SA (0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm) and P (0, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2%) were applied to the plant at different stages of growth including vegetative, floral budding, and full flowering. Based on the results, SA, P and SA × P significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the EO content and chemical composition of the plant. The EO contents (w/w %) ranged from 0.65% to 1%. The total of 29–37 components were identified in the EO samples. The major EO compounds under different SA, P, and SA × P treatments were camphene (0.6–6.2%), sabinene (0.4–6.1%), camphor (4.2–30.4%), trans-thujone (2.4–54%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (0.8–52.1%) and germacrene D (2.9–5.7%).
Sabinene
Camphene
Camphor
Eucalyptol
Germacrene D
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Mountain pepper (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon) is an important oil plant used as an ingredient in edible oil, cooking condiments, cosmetics, pesticides, and potential biofuels. Zinc and boron are essential micronutrients for plant growth. However, the effects of zinc and boron on the yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content in L. cubeba have not been determined. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the foliar application of zinc, boron, and multiple micronutrients (zinc + boron) on the yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content of three varieties (Fuyang 1 (FY1), Jianou 2 (JO2), and Jianou 3 (JO3)) of L. cubeba. Zinc sulfate (0.25%), boric acid (0.25%), and zinc sulfate (0.25%) + boric acid (0.25%) were sprayed on selected trees at five different times at full bloom and 28 days before harvest, once every seven days. The results indicated that Zn had a negative effect on the yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content of the FY1, JO2, and JO3 varieties compared to the untreated trees. B had positive effects on the yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content of the JO2 and JO3 varieties but not on those of the FY1 variety when compared to the untreated trees. The highest levels of yield, yield component, oil content, and citral content for all three varieties were obtained with the combined application of zinc sulfate + boric acid. Hence, the foliar application of multiple micronutrients (zinc + boron) is an effective method to improve the yield, oil content, and citral content in L. cubeba. In addition, the 100-fruit weight (HFW) was positively correlated with the yield, oil content, and citral content and could be used as a tool to select new cultivars with high yield, high oil content, and high citral content under zinc sulfate, boric acid, and zinc sulfate + boric acid applications in L. cubeba.
Citral
Boric acid
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Citations (11)