Fabrication of multifunctional chitosan-Guar-Aloe Vera gel to promote wound healing

Burns are one of the most prevalent and harmful types of trauma. Patients with critical thermal harm need immediate specialized care to minimize morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the curing possibility of chitosan/guar gum/Aloe Vera hydrogel on the curing of full-thickness burn wounds in the Wistar albino model. Two full-thickness burn wounds were formed on the dorsum of each rat under general anesthesia. Burn wounds were cured with chitosan gel; chitosan/guar gum hydrogel; chitosan/Aloe Vera hydrogel; chitosan/guar gum/Aloe Vera hydrogel, respectively. Healing was investigated based on the percentage of wound shrinkage, and surface area as well as histopathological and histomorphological observations. A significant decrease in the wound area and the epithelial gap was noticed in all groups, especially the wounds treated with chitosan/guar gum. Maximum angiogenesis was observed in the chitosan/Aloe Vera treated group. Chitosan/guar gum/Aloe Vera treated wounds demonstrated an enhancement in the thickness and integrity of collagen fibers and the highest score among fibroblast cells accumulation. Furthermore, the inflammatory cellular response and hyperemia were significantly higher in the control group when compared with those of other chitosan-based groups. Chitosan/guar gum/Aloe Vera hydrogel has a curing possibility and has presented the best healing result compared to other treatments for the restoration of full-thickness skin burn wounds in rats.