Neurophysiological Bases and Mechanisms of Action of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of the brain is a novel, noninvasive, and safe technique to modulate cortical excitability in humans. tDCS mechanisms of action have been extensively studied and comprise both synaptic and nonsynaptic effects at a neuronal level, possibly modulating also inflammatory responses and the cerebral vasomotor reserve.