Az atomi környezet hatása erősen kötött elektronok atomi átmeneteire = Effects of the atomic environment on atomic transitions of strongly bound electronic states

3d atmeneti femek (Cu, Ni, Co) rezonans KLL Auger atmeneteiben rezonans Raman folyamatokat azonositottunk es a spektrumok alakjat ertelmezni tudtuk a 4p be nem toltott elektronallapotok segitsegevel. Eredmenyeink szerint a 3d elemek KLL Auger atmeneteiben a multiplett felhasadast a szilardtest kornyezet csak kis mertekben valtoztatja meg. A Cu es Ni femek rezonans KLL Auger spektrumaiban kezdeti, ill. vegallapoti gerjeszteseknek megfelelő szatelliteket azonositottunk modellszamitasaink es a szatellit-intenzitasok fotonenergiatol valo megfigyelt fuggese alapjan. Szilard Si es Ge belsőhej fotoelektron es KLL Auger spektrumaiban meghataroztuk a kulonboző modusu plazmongerjesztesekből szarmazo jarulekokat, fuggesuket a fotonenergiatol es a kiserleti geometriatol, kimutatva a belsőhej-vakanciakeltes jelentős szerepet. Elektron-visszaszorasi kiserleteinkkel es az elektrontranszport modellezesevel meghataroztuk Ge eseteben az elektronok rugalmatlan szorasi hataskeresztmetszetet es kozepes szabad uthosszat (IMFP) szeles energiatartomanyban. Eljarasokat dolgoztunk ki es alkalmaztunk kulonboző anyagoknal az IMFP feluleti effektusokra tortenő korrigalasara. Igazoltuk, hogy a rugalmasan visszaszort elektronok spektroszkopiaja alkalmas a feluleti H kimutatasara es a tobbszoros szorast figyelembe vevő szimulacionkkal kvantitative ertelmeztuk a polietilenről rugalmasan visszaszort elektronok spektrumat. A kemeny rontgensugarzassal keltett elektronok nagy energiafelbontasu spektroszkopiajanak modszeret sikeresen alkalmaztuk rontgendetektor-valaszfuggvenyek, ill. otvozetek komponensei kozotti toltesatadas meghatarozasaban | Resonant Raman processes were identified in the resonant KLL Auger transitions of 3d metals (Cu, Ni, Co). The shape of the Auger lines was interpreted by the help of the unoccupied 4p electronic states. Our results show that the solid environment causes only a small change in the multiplet structure of the KLL Auger spectra of 3d metals. Satellites due to initial or final state excitations were identified in the resonant KLL Auger spectra of Cu and Ni metals, on the basis of our model calculations and of the observed dependence of the satellite intensities on the photon energy. In the core photoemission and KLL Auger spectra of solid Si and Ge, the contributions of plasmon excitations of various mode (dependending on photon energy and experimental geometry) were quantitatively interpreted, showing the great role of core vacancy production. From electron backscattering experiments and modeling the electron transport the cross section of inelastic scattering and the inelastic mean free path (IMFP) of electrons in Ge were determined in a wide energy range. Procedures were elaborated and applied for various materials for correcting IMFPs for surface effects. The applicability of the elastic peak electron spectroscopy for identification of surface H was proved and using our simulation accounting for multiple scattering, the spectrum of electrons backscattered elastically from polyethylene was interpreted quantitatively. The high resolution spectroscopy of electrons excited by hard X-rays was used successfully in determining response function of X-ray detectors and charge transfer between components of alloys.