Co-production of MCR-1 and NDM-1 by Escherichia coli sequence type 31 isolated from a newborn in Moscow, Russia.

Abstract Escherichia coli sequence type 31 isolate co-harbouring mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 genes on the plasmids of Incl2 and IncC groups, respectively was recovered from newborn with ventilator-associated pneumonia in Moscow, Russia. Convergence of polymyxin and carbapenem resistance and its expansion beyond Southeast Asia is a serious threat to human health.