Anesthesia Considerations for the Repair of a Left Ventricular to Right Atrial Shunt (Gerbode Defect) Post Double-Valve Repair

The Gerbode defect is a rare type of ventricular septal defect (VSD) causing a left ventricle (LV) to right atrium (RA) shunt. These are usually congenital but acquired defects are increasingly being reported. Direct surgical repair remains one of the treatment options and presents considerable anesthetic challenges.