Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor κ B pathways mediates fisetin-exerted anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells

Although fisetin, a natural flavonoid, was known to inhibit proliferation, carcinogenesis and inflammation, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of fistein still remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of fisetin was investigated in association with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. We found that fisetin significantly reduced the nitrate oxide (NO) production and also inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) at protein and mRNA levels in LPS-stimulated cells. Consistently, fisetin significantly reduced the LPS-stimulated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Furthermore, fisetin suppressed the activation of nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not e...