Toward Omnidirectional Light Absorption by Plasmonic Effect for High-Efficiency Flexible Nonvacuum Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells

We have successfully demonstrated a great advantage of plasmonic Au nanoparticles for efficient enhancement of Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) flexible photovoltaic devices. The incorporation of Au NPs can eliminate obstacles in the way of developing ink-printing CIGS flexible thin film photovoltaics (TFPV), such as poor absorption at wavelengths in the high intensity region of solar spectrum, and that occurs significantly at large incident angle of solar irradiation. The enhancement of external quantum efficiency and photocurrent have been systematically analyzed via the calculated electromagnetic field distribution. Finally, the major benefits of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) in visible wavelength have been investigated by ultrabroadband pump–probe spectroscopy, providing a solid evidence on the strong absorption and reduction of surface recombination that increases electron–hole generation and improves the carrier transportation in the vicinity of pn-juction.