Large-scale patterns, complexes of solar activity and ‘active longitudes’
2006
Typical latitude zones and longitude sectors with a dominant occurrence of newly emerging magnetic flux were systematically detected during three last activity cycles. Two long time persistent longitude sectors with the preferred occurrence of a new strong magnetic flux are characteristic for magnetic flux distribution and their rotation rate is latitude dependent in the relationship with differential rotation rate. Recent new information about the large-scale flows in convection zone relates to a concept of the expected giant cells and jets and show a new relationship with different scales of the large-scale circulation. Non-axially symmetric horizontal flow in upper part of convection zone gives a good motivation for an extension of the existing axially symmetric 2D models into new 3D concept.
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