Recalcitrant peroneal artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with Hemophilia B

Abstract Pseudoaneurysms (PAs) of arteries in the lower extremities are uncommon. In most cases, a PA of the common femoral artery develops following percutaneous access and treatment with ultrasound guided thrombin injection achieves success rates approaching 98%. In contrast, the management of a PA of the distal leg vessels is more complex and may require additional endovascular and/or surgical treatments. We present a case of a recalcitrant PA involving the distal peroneal artery that developed following blunt trauma in a patient with Hemophilia B who failed ultrasound guided thrombin injection, para-aneurysmal saline injection and required two coil embolization procedures. Our observations suggest that Factor IX supplementation combined with aggressive coil embolization is the most effective treatment approach.