Nanobiomaterials: Stem Cell Interaction and Role in Tissue Engineering

The aim of regenerative medicine is to achieve structural and functional rehabilitation of the damaged tissues and organs affected by trauma, age-related, congenital, or disease incurred injuries. In view of the recent findings, the field of nanotechnology has evolved as a promising candidate for providing advanced nano-functional biomaterials with customizable morphologies, properties, and functions that can recapitulate the exact in vivo microenvironment down to the extracellular matrix level that can promote cellular adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis in a controlled spatiotemporal manner. In this chapter, we intend to summarize the role of nanobiomaterials in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by elaborating on their properties, biological interaction with stem cells, and applications in musculoskeletal research, particularly in bone and cartilage.