Transcription Factors in Craniofacial Development: From Receptor Signaling to Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation

Abstract Craniofacial morphogenesis is driven by spatial–temporal terrains of gene expression, which give rise to stereotypical pattern formation. Transcription factors are key cellular components that control these gene expressions. They are information hubs that integrate inputs from extracellular factors and environmental cues, direct epigenetic modifications, and define transcriptional status. These activities allow transcription factors to confer specificity and potency to transcription regulation during development.