Temporal shift in contribution of terrestrial organic matter to consumer production in a grassland river

1. We used stable isotopes to study the temporal (early summer versus autumn) pattern of use of terrestrial and aquatic sources of organic carbon by consumers in two bedrock-confined reaches of a grassland river in New Zealand. 2. The major sources of organic carbon available to primary consumers were expected to be terrestrial leaf-litter and biofilm from the stream channel. These putative carbon sources showed no significant change in mean δ 13 C between summer and autumn. Leaf litter (mean δ 13 C -19.92). 3. In contrast to leaf litter and biofilm, the δ 13 C of consumers changed over time, being enriched in 13 C in the autumn compared with early summer. Both the magnitude (> 5‰ in some cases) and rapidity of this shift (≤ 3 months) was surprising. 4. A two-source mixing model indicated that, during early summer, terrestrial carbon comprised > 50% of tissue carbon for 15 of the 17 taxa of aquatic consumers analysed. During autumn, terrestrial carbon comprised > 50% of the tissue carbon of only five of 25 taxa. Because the mean δ 13 C of putative food sources was consistent over time, the shift in δ 13 C values for consumers is attributed to a change in relative amounts of terrestrial and aquatic carbon available for consumption. 5. Because seston consists of a mixture of many particles of diverse origin, it may provide an integrated measure of catchment-wide sources of organic matter entering a stream channel. Like the tissues of most consumers, mean δ 13 C values for seston showed a significant shift toward 13 C enrichment. This indicated that the relative availability of terrestrial carbon decreased from summer to autumn. 6. The actual quantity of carbon contributed to the stream food-web by this potential terrestrial-aquatic link is unknown. Although terrestrial carbon may comprise a high proportion of the tissue carbon of consumers prior to summer, the majority of secondary production (and carbon sequestration) probably occurs during early summer as a consequence of rising temperature and high quality food in the form of biofilm.