Dielectric measurements via a phase-resolved spintronic technique

The phase-resolved ferromagnetic resonance spectra has been electrically measured via a spintronic Michelson interferometer, where the nonlinear coupling between the microwave electric field and magnetic field results in time-independent fields and currents. Besides the microwave power the strength of the electrical signal strongly depends on the relative phase of microwave fields at the ferromagnetic material. Therefore, using a ferromagnetic sensor enables a quantification of microwave transmission in both the phase and amplitude, and demonstrates precision and feasibility in the determination of complex dielectric constants in both ideal dielectric materials and strongly absorbing materials.