Congenital acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome

Congenital leukemia is an uncommon myeloproliferative disorder usually diagnosed in the first month of life. Newborns with Down syndrome have an increased susceptibility to acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. We report a case of a newborn with Down syndrome diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis was established by clinical and hematological work-up.