Determination of urine cofilin-1 level in acute kidney injury using a high-throughput localized surface plasmon-coupled fluorescence biosensor

Abstract. The actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin protein family has been reported to be associated withischemia-induced renal disorders. We examine whether cofilin-1 is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI)using human urine samples. We exploited a 96-well based high-throughput biosensor that uses gold nanoparticlesandasandwichimmunoassaytodetecttheurinecofilin-1levelofAKIpatients.Themeanurinecofilin-1leveloftheAKI patients (n ¼ 37 from 47 cases analyzed) was twofold higher than that of healthy adults (n ¼ 21 from 29 casesanalyzed). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that cofilin-1 was acceptable for discrimi-nating AKI patients from healthy adults. However, an increase of the sample size is required to conclude the impor-tance of urine cofilin-1 on AKI diagnosis, and the high-throughput ultrasensitive biosensor used in this study wouldgreatly accelerate the measurement of urine cofilin-1 in an increased sample size. © 2014 Society of Photo-OpticalInstrumentation Engineers (SPIE) [DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.19.1.011004]