Characterization of sphere-forming cells with stem-like properties from the small cell lung cancer cell line H446

Abstract A relatively novel paradigm in tumor biology hypothesizes that cancer growth is driven by tumor cells with stem-like properties. However, direct proof of a population of stem cells in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains elusive. In this study, we enriched for stem-like cells from the SCLC cell line H446 by growing them as spheres in a defined serum-free medium. Sphere-derived cells have increased in vitro clonogenic and in vivo tumorigenic potentials as well as drug-resistant properties. After enrichment for stem-like cells, we used multiple candidate stem cell markers to examine the expression profile and found that the sphere-derived cells contained a higher proportion of cells expressing the stem cell surface markers uPAR and CD133 when compared with parental cells. To identify a selectable marker for the sphere-forming cells, we evaluated the sphere-forming abilities of uPAR + and uPAR − cells as well as the sphere-forming abilities of CD133 + and CD133 − cells. Both CD133 + and CD133 − cell fractions were capable of forming spheres, and no statistically significant difference was observed in the sphere-forming efficiency between these two populations. In contrast, cells derived from the uPAR + fraction were capable of forming spheres, whereas cells derived from the uPAR − fraction remained as single cells. Moreover, uPAR + cells efficiently formed transplantable tumors, whereas uPAR − cells were unable to initiate tumors when transplanted at equivalent cell numbers. In addition, uPAR + cells could differentiate into CD56 + cells, CK + cells, and uPAR − cells. These data support the existence of a population of tumor sphere-forming cells with stem cell properties in the H446 SCLC cell line. Furthermore, the stem cell population may be enriched in cells expressing the uPAR cell surface marker.