Применение клеточных технологий в лечении трофических язв

Therapy of lower extremity ulcers remains one of the biggest challenges in the contemporary surgical world. Failure to guarantee stable results with traditional techniques has forced to seek for alternative ways. Various clinical and experimental studies speak for effectiveness of stem cells transplantation in the treatment of leg ulcers and complicated wounds due to their multifactorial impact on regeneration aspects such as cell proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, growth factors release, neovascularisation and angiogenesis. Moreover, stem cells can differentiate into skin and vascular components themselves. Stimulation of angiogenesis appears to be a key aspect in the wounds regeneration where microcirculation is affected, therefore effect of stem cell therapy on this primary pathogenetic mechanism allows to consider stem cells in conjunction with the basic therapy of underlying condition an effective alternative for the traditional therapy. The article highlights etiology and pathogenesis of lower extremity ulcers, the main treatment techniques and their brief description. A separate attention is given to the types and characteristics of stem cells and growth factors as well as their effects on healing of low extremities ulcers. Advantages and limitations of stem cell therapy are also discussed.