Is there a relationship between malnutrition, inflammation, and post‐vaccinal antibody response to influenza viruses in the elderly?

This study was designed to explore the relationship between malnutrition, inflammation, and the specific antibody response after influenza vaccination in the elderly. Eighty-two aged subjects, immunized annually against influenza with a trivalent inactivated vaccine, were evaluated for 9 protein markers (albumin, thyroxin-binding prealbumin, transferrin, immunoglobulins (Ig) G, M, and A, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and C reactive protein) and for their antibody response to influenza viruses in comparison to 29 younger adults who received the same vaccine and 21 unvaccinated adults. IgM and nutritional markers were significantly reduced in the aged as compared to controls, while the opposite pattern was seen for IgA and inflammatory markers. No difference was observed between the elderly and the controls with regard to the antibody response to influenza virus after vaccination. Reciprocally, influenza immunization had no influence on the levels of the protein variables. These results suggest that the protein status does not play an important role in the antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly, a fact which could be related to the slight involvement of cellular immunity in the defense against influenza reinfection.