Orthomyxoviridae

Orthomyxoviridae (ὀρθός, orthós, Greek for 'straight'; μύξα, mýxa, Greek for 'mucus') is a family of RNA viruses. It includes seven genera: Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C, Influenzavirus D, Isavirus, Thogotovirus, and Quaranjavirus. The first four genera contain viruses that cause influenza in vertebrates, including birds (see also avian influenza), humans, and other mammals. Isaviruses infect salmon; the thogotoviruses are arboviruses, infecting vertebrates and invertebrates, such as ticks and mosquitoes. Orthomyxoviridae (ὀρθός, orthós, Greek for 'straight'; μύξα, mýxa, Greek for 'mucus') is a family of RNA viruses. It includes seven genera: Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C, Influenzavirus D, Isavirus, Thogotovirus, and Quaranjavirus. The first four genera contain viruses that cause influenza in vertebrates, including birds (see also avian influenza), humans, and other mammals. Isaviruses infect salmon; the thogotoviruses are arboviruses, infecting vertebrates and invertebrates, such as ticks and mosquitoes. The four genera of Influenza virus, which are identified by antigenic differences in their nucleoprotein and matrix protein, infect vertebrates as follows: In a phylogenetic-based taxonomy, the category 'RNA virus' includes the category 'negative-sense ssRNA virus', which includes the Order 'Mononegavirales', and the Family 'Orthomyxovirus' (among others). The genera-associated species and serotypes of Orthomyxovirus are shown in the following table. Group: ssRNA(-) There are four genera of influenza virus, each containing only a single species, or type. Influenza A and C infect a variety of species, while influenza B almost exclusively infects humans, and influenza D infects cattle and pigs. Influenza A viruses are further classified, based on the viral surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA or H) and neuraminidase (NA or N). Sixteen H subtypes (or serotypes) and nine N subtypes of influenza A virus have been identified. Further variation exists; thus, specific influenza strain isolates are identified by a standard nomenclature specifying virus type, geographical location where first isolated, sequential number of isolation, year of isolation, and HA and NA subtype.