Development of alginate-pectin microparticles with dairy whey using vibration technology: Effects of matrix composition on the protection of Lactobacillus spp. from adverse conditions

Abstract In this study, lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential, including Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014, L. paracasei ML33 and L. pentosus ML82, were encapsulated with whey-alginate-pectin (WAP) or whey permeate-alginate-pectin (PAP) by an extrusion process using vibrational technology, with the resulting microparticles assessed for their resistance to adverse conditions. The aim was to assess the effect of the encapsulation wall materials on the viability of microorganisms, the encapsulation, refrigerated storage and simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, the kinetic parameters of acidification, and the morphology of microparticles. The bacteria encapsulated with the WAP wall material were adequately protected. Furthermore, after three months of storage at 4 °C, the encapsulated bacteria exhibited a cell viability of >6 log CFU mL −1 . In addition, the encapsulated L. plantarum ATCC8014 and L. pentosus ML82 isolates exhibited the highest viability at the end of the storage period among the assayed isolates. Encapsulated bacteria showed greater resistance to acidic conditions than unencapsulated bacteria when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions. The maximum rate of milk acidification by encapsulated Lactobacillus spp. was approximately three-fold lower than that observed for unencapsulated bacteria. The resulting size of the microparticles generated using both combinations of wall materials used was approximately 150 μm. The cheese whey and whey permeate combined with alginate and pectin to adequately encapsulate and protect Lactobacillus spp. from the adverse conditions of the simulated gastrointestinal tract and from refrigeration storage temperatures. Furthermore, the sizes of the obtained microparticles indicated that the encapsulated materials are suitable for being incorporated into foods without changing their sensory properties.