Causal Model of the Association between Academic Burnout and Achievement Goals: The Intermediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Procrastination
2016
Background & Objective: There has been growing recognition that medical students, interns,
residents, and practicing physicians across many specialties are prone to burnout, with recent
studies linking high rates of burnout to adverse mental health issues. The aim of this study was to
examine factors affecting academic burnout among medical students and investigate the
association between achievement goals and its dimensions, academic self-efficacy, and academic
procrastination in the form of a causal model.
Methods: For this purpose, 174 students (98 in the clinical stage and 76 in the preclinical stage)
of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were selected based on Cochran’s Formula and
through simple random sampling. The data collection tools consisted of the Maslach Burnout
Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), Achievement Goal Questionnaire (Elliot and McGregor),
Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (Midgley et al.), and Academic Procrastination Scale (Savari). To
analyze the data, path analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used.
Results: The resulting path models indicated that academic burnout had significant negative
relationships with mastery achievement goal, performance-approach, and academic self-efficacy,
but it had significantly positive relationships with academic procrastination and performanceavoidance.
It was also found that achievement goals had impact on academic burnout through
academic procrastination and self-efficacy. The explained variance of academic burnout was 0.61.
Conclusion: It was found that achievement goals and academic self-efficacy had significant
effects on academic procrastination and burnout. Thus, it is suggested that those involved in
education provide the students with situations in which they can achieve a higher sense of
empowerment in learning, so that they become more engaged in their academic work and be less
likely to experience burnout.
Key Words: Academic burnout, Achievement goals, Academic self-efficacy, Academic
procrastination
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