Autocrine IL-4 Gene Regulation at Late Phases of TCR Activation in Differentiated Th2 Cells

IL-4 is a multifunctional cytokine whose secretion displays important immunomodulatory functions. Its expression is regulated at the level of transcription, and one of the main factors involved is NFAT. The IL-4-induced transcription factor Stat6 is required for the development of naive T cells into Th2 phenotype, capable of secreting IL-4. However, IL-4 production by differentiated Th2 cells is IL-4 independent; thus, it remains unclear whether Stat6 plays any role in the IL-4 expression by mature Th2 cells. We have analyzed in the Th2 clone D10.G4.1 the nuclear proteins able to bind the regulatory element P1 of the IL-4 promoter. Gel-shift assays show NFAT1 as the most abundant nuclear protein that binds to P1 after ionomycin plus PMA activation, whereas Stat6 accounts for the bulk of the P1 binding in the presence of exogenous IL-4. Reporter experiments agree with an inhibitory effect of Stat6 on the NFAT1-induced transcriptional activity directed by the P1 element. CD3 signaling leads to an early induction of NFAT1-P1 complexes correlating with a strong induction of the IL-4 gene. In later phases of CD3 activation, P1 is also bound by Stat6 and a fall in the IL-4 mRNA levels takes place. These two late events during CD3 activation were found to be sensible in experiments conducted with an anti-IL-4 Ab. These results suggest that IL-4 endogenously produced by Th2 cells under TCR triggering modulates its own expression through Stat6.